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arXiv:cond-mat/0411281 · Physical Review Letters

Creating a Stable Molecular Condensate Using a Generalized Raman Adiabatic Passage Scheme

Hong Yuan Ling, Han Pu, Brian Seaman

Published Dec 15, 2004• 103 citations
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Abstract

We study the Feshbach resonance assisted stimulated adiabatic passage of an effective coupling field for creating stable molecules from an atomic Bose condensate. By exploring the properties of the coherent population trapping state, we show that, contrary to the previous belief, mean-field shifts need not limit the conversion efficiency as long as one chooses an adiabatic passage route that compensates the collision mean-field phase shifts and avoids the dynamical unstable regime.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.93.250403

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We study the Feshbach resonance assisted stimulated adiabatic passage of an effective coupling field for creating stable molecules from an atomic Bose condensate. By exploring the properties of the coherent population trapping state, we show that, contrary to the previous belief, mean-field shifts need not limit the conversion efficiency as long as one chooses an adiabatic passage route that compensates the collision mean-field phase shifts and avoids the dynamical unstable regime.
Although photoassociation and the Feshbach resonance are feasible means in principle for creating a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate (MBEC) from an already quantum-degenerate gas of atoms, collision-induced mean-field shifts and irreversible decay place practical constraints on the efficient Raman delivery of stable molecules. Focusing on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, we propose that the efficiency of both mechanisms for producing a stable MBEC can be improved by treating the density of the initial atom condensate as an optimization parameter.
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Photoassociation and the Feshbach resonance are, in principle, feasible means for creating a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from an already-quantum-degenerate gas of atoms; however, mean-field shifts and irreversible decay place practical constraints on the efficient delivery of stable molecules using either mechanism alone. We therefore propose Feshbach-stimulated Raman photoproduction, i.e., a combination of magnetic and optical methods, as a means to collectively convert degenerate atoms into a stable molecular condensate with near-unit efficiency.
The efficiency of converting two-species fermionic atoms into bosonic molecules is investigated in terms of mean-field Lagrangian density. We find that the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique aided by Feshbach resonance is more effective than the bare Feshbach resonance for 6Li^{6}\text{L}\text{i}6Li atoms rather than 40K^{40}\text{K}40K atoms. We also generally consider the symmetry and its relevant conservation law, which enables us to introduce a natural definition of adiabatic fidelity for a coherent population trapping state. The calculated values of the fidelity are presented and then we provide an explanation of why the conversion efficiencies for 40K^{40}\text{K}40K and 6Li^{6}\text{L}\text{i}6Li are distinctly different.
We give a brief description of theoretical studies on multi-component systems and detailed discussions on systems with atom-to-molecule conversion. The conversion of two species of atoms into stable molecules through the Feshbach resonance assisted by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in photoassociation is studied with the help of mean-field Langrange density. The conversion efficiency is large for the fully bosonic system as well as the boson-fermion mixture as long as the general two-photon resonance condition is satisfied.
We consider a Raman photoassociation model in a field configuration in which a Gaussian and a first-order Laguerre Gaussian laser field are applied between the bound-bound and free-bound transitions, respectively. We show that such a configuration can lead to a coherent population trapping superposition of an atomic condensate and a ground molecular vortex of unit winding number. We develop stimulated Raman adiabatic passages that minimize the effect of mean-field shifts due to collisions, for optimal conversion of an atomic condensate into a ground molecular vortex.