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arXiv:2001.05409 · Physical Review Research

Reservoir engineering with localized dissipation: Dynamics and prethermalization

Yariv Yanay, Aashish A. Clerk

Published May 14, 2020• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This paper analyzes the dynamics of a large quantum lattice of non-interacting bosons when it is locally coupled to a reservoir of squeezed light. The authors find that the medium term evolution of the lattice shows ballistic behavior, with a quasi-stationary state on the inside of an expanding light-cone. In the long term, the system's approach to a final steady state is dictated by a dissipative spectrum that shows complex, non-monotonous dependence on the strength of the coupling to the reservoir.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023177

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This paper analyzes the dynamics of a large quantum lattice of non-interacting bosons when it is locally coupled to a reservoir of squeezed light. The authors find that the medium term evolution of the lattice shows ballistic behavior, with a quasi-stationary state on the inside of an expanding light-cone. In the long term, the system's approach to a final steady state is dictated by a dissipative spectrum that shows complex, non-monotonous dependence on the strength of the coupling to the reservoir.
We study non-Markovian dynamics of an open quantum system system interacting with a nonstationary squeezed bosonic reservoir. We derive exact and approximate descriptions for the open system dynamics. Focusing on the spin boson model, we compare exact dynamics with Redfield theory and a quantum optical master equation for both short and long time dynamics and in non-Markovian and Markov regimes. The squeezing of the bath results in asymptotic oscillations in the stationary state, which are captured faithfully by the Redfield master equation in the case of weak coupling. Furthermore, we find that the bath squeezing direction modifies the effective system-environment coupling strength and, thus, the strength of the dissipation.
Quantum mechanics is fundamentally governed by the Schrödinger equation, which is linear in the wave function. Nevertheless, quantum systems can exhibit highly nonlinear behavior in their observable dynamics. Such nonlinearities can emerge from many-body interactions, nonlinear coupling mechanisms, or the interplay between coherent evolution and dissipation. In the collective limit, microscopic quantum interactions can give rise to qualitatively new macroscopic behavior. Open quantum systems provide a rich setting for such phenomena, as environmental coupling introduces dissipation and fluctuations that compete with coherent dynamics and can alter the steady states and dynamical phases of a system. Combined with nonlinear interactions, this competition can produce behavior with no direct counterpart in conventional linear light--matter systems. In this thesis, I investigate such collective phenomena through nonlinear two-photon light--matter interactions and engineered quantum reservoirs. I first investigate the driven--dissipative two-photon Dicke model and demonstrate the emergence of a dissipative superradiant phase transition. The quadratic light--matter interaction introduces distinct stability requirements in the presence of dissipation. In particular, two-photon loss stabilizes the superradiant phase, allowing its steady states and critical behavior to be characterized. I next investigate photon blockade and transient quadrature-squeezed radiation in the two-photon Tavis--Cummings model. I show that two-photon interactions collectively enhance photon blockade and squeezing, in contrast to the conventional one-photon model, where the effective nonlinearity diminishes in the collective limit. Finally, I consider collective behavior induced by reservoir engineering. Two spatially separated open quantum systems without direct coherent interaction can undergo a nonlocal quantum phase transition when coupled to correlated quantum reservoirs. Remarkably, the transition is hidden from local observables and emerges only through nonlocal correlations and collective observables. Together, these results demonstrate how nonlinear interactions and engineered dissipation can reshape collective behavior in open quantum systems.
We show how a generalized kind of chiral symmetry can be used to construct highly efficient reservoir engineering protocols for bosonic lattices. These protocols exploit only a single squeezed reservoir coupled to a single lattice site; this is enough to stabilize the entire system in a pure, entangled steady state. Our approach is applicable to lattices in any dimension and does not rely on translational invariance. We show how the relevant symmetry operation directly determines the real-space correlation structure in the steady state and give several examples that are within reach in several one- and two-dimensional quantum photonic platforms.
We investigate the real-time dynamics of open quantum spin-1/2 or hardcore boson systems on a spatial lattice, which are governed by a Markovian quantum master equation.Wederive general conditions under which the hierarchy of correlation functions closes such that their time evolution can be computed semi-analytically. Expanding our previous work (2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 021602) we demonstrate the universality of a purely dissipative quantum Markov process that drives the system of spin-1/2 particles into a totally symmetric superposition state, corresponding to a Bose–Einstein condensate of hardcore bosons. In particular, we show that the finite-size scaling behavior of the dissipative gap is independent of the chosen boundary conditions and the underlying lattice structure. In addition, we consider the effect of a uniform magnetic field as well as a coupling to a thermal bath to investigate the susceptibility of the engineered dissipative process to unitary and nonunitary perturbations.Weestablish the nonequilibrium steady-state phase diagram as a function of temperature and dissipative coupling strength. For a small number of particles N,we identify a parameter region in which the engineered symmetrizing dissipative process performs robustly, while in the thermodynamic limit N→∞, the coupling to the thermal bath destroys any long-range order.
We investigate the real-time dynamics of open quantum spin-1/2 or hardcore boson systems on a spatial lattice, which are governed by a Markovian quantum master equation. We derive general conditions under which the hierarchy of correlation functions closes such that their time evolution can be computed semi-analytically. Expanding our previous work (2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 021602 ) we demonstrate the universality of a purely dissipative quantum Markov process that drives the system of spin-1/2 particles into a totally symmetric superposition state, corresponding to a Bose–Einstein condensate of hardcore bosons. In particular, we show that the finite-size scaling behavior of the dissipative gap is independent of the chosen boundary conditions and the underlying lattice structure. In addition, we consider the effect of a uniform magnetic field as well as a coupling to a thermal bath to investigate the susceptibility of the engineered dissipative process to unitary and nonunitary perturbations. We establish the nonequilibrium steady-state phase diagram as a function of temperature and dissipative coupling strength. For a small number of particles N , we identify a parameter region in which the engineered symmetrizing dissipative process performs robustly, while in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞ , the coupling to the thermal bath destroys any long-range order.
Abstract Motivated by the recent experiments on engineering localized losses in quantum gases, we study the dynamics of interacting bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice with local dissipation. Together with the Gutzwiller mean-field theory for density matrices and Lindblad master equation, we show how the onsite interaction between bosons affects the particle loss for various strengths of dissipation. For moderate dissipation, the trend in particle loss differs significantly near the superfluid-Mott boundary than the deep superfluid regime. While the loss is suppressed for stronger dissipation in the deep superfluid regime, revealing the typical quantum Zeno effect, the loss near the phase boundary shows non-monotonic dependence on the dissipation strength. We furthermore show that close to the phase boundary, the long-time dissipative dynamics is different from the deep superfluid regime. Thus the loss of particle due to dissipation may act as a probe to differentiate strongly-correlated superfluid regime from its weakly-correlated counterpart.