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arXiv:1911.01439 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

New integrable 1D models of superconductivity

Marius de Leeuw, Anton Pribytok, Ana L. Retore, Paul Ryan

Published Jul 22, 2020• 25 citations
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Abstract

Abstract In this paper we find new integrable one-dimensional lattice models of electrons. We describe all such nearest-neighbour integrable models with s u ( 2 ) × s u ( 2 ) symmetry by classifying solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation following the procedure first introduced in [1]. We find 12 R-matrices of difference form, some of which can be related to known models such as the XXX spin chain and the free Hubbard model, and some are new models. In addition, integrable generalizations of the Hubbard model are found by keeping the kinetic term of the Hamiltonian and adding all terms which preserve fermion number. We find that most of the new models cannot be diagonalized using the standard nested Bethe Ansatz.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/aba860

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Abstract In this paper we find new integrable one-dimensional lattice models of electrons. We describe all such nearest-neighbour integrable models with s u ( 2 ) × s u ( 2 ) symmetry by classifying solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation following the procedure first introduced in [1]. We find 12 R-matrices of difference form, some of which can be related to known models such as the XXX spin chain and the free Hubbard model, and some are new models. In addition, integrable generalizations of the Hubbard model are found by keeping the kinetic term of the Hamiltonian and adding all terms which preserve fermion number. We find that most of the new models cannot be diagonalized using the standard nested Bethe Ansatz.
Abstract. A new integrable model which is a variant of the one-dimensional Hubbard model is proposed. The integrability of the model is verified by presenting the associated quantum R-matrix which satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation. We argue that the new model possesses the SO(4) algebra symmetry, which contains a representation of the η-pairing SU(2) algebra and a spin SU(2) algebra. Additionally, the algebraic Bethe ansatz is studied by means of the quantum inverse scattering method. The spectrum of the Hamiltonian, eigenvectors, as well as the Bethe ansatz equations, are discussed. PACS numbers: 71.10.Fd, 71.10.Pm. Submitted to: J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. Integrable variant of the one-dimensional Hubbard model 2
A new integrable model which is a variant of the one-dimensional Hubbard model is proposed. The integrability of the model is verified by presenting the associated quantum R-matrix which satisfies the Yang–Baxter equation. We argue that the new model possesses the SO(4) algebra symmetry, which contains a representation of the η-pairing SU(2) algebra and a spin SU(2) algebra. Additionally, the algebraic Bethe ansatz is studied by means of the quantum inverse scattering method. The spectrum of the Hamiltonian, eigenvectors, as well as the Bethe ansatz equations, are discussed.
Abstract We classify all fundamental integrable spin chains with two-dimensional (2D) local Hilbert space which have regular R -matrices of difference form. This means that the R -matrix underlying the integrable structures is of the form and reduces to the permutation operator at some particular point. We find a total of 14 independent solutions, eight of which correspond to well-known eight or lower vertex models. The remaining six models appear to be new and some have peculiar properties such as not being diagonalizable or being nilpotent. Furthermore, for even R -matrices, we find a bijection between solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation (YBE) and the graded YBE which extends our results to the graded 2D case.
A class of recently introduced su (n) "free-fermion" models has recently been used to construct generalized Hubbard models. I derive an algebra defining the "free-fermion" models and give new classes of solutions. I then introduce a conjugation matrix and give a new and simple proof of the corresponding decorated Yang–Baxter equation. This provides the algebraic tools required to couple in an integrable way two copies of free-fermion models. Complete integrability of the resulting Hubbard-like models is shown by exhibiting their L and R matrices. Local symmetries of the models are discussed. The diagonalization of the free-fermion models is carried out using the algebraic Bethe Ansatz.
We propose a new type of the Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) and the decorated Yang-Baxter equation (DYBE). Those relations for the fermionic R-operator were introduced recently as a tool to treat the integrability of the fermion models. Using the YBE and the DYBE for the XX fermion model, we construct the fermionic R-operator for the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model. It gives another proof of the integrability of the 1D Hubbard model. Furthermore a new approach to the SO(4) symmetry of the 1D Hubbard model is discussed.
This thesis is devoted to the one-dimensional integrable Hubbard model and its generalizations. The Hubbard model is one of the fundamental models in condensed matter physics which describes interacting electrons on the lattice. It has very rich physical structure. Inspite of its construction simplicity it has been applied to diverse problems as high-Tc superconductivity, band magnetism and the metal-insulator transition. In one dimension the Hubbard model is an integrable model which has been intensively studied and served as a theoretical laboratory for the condensed matter physics. Recently, the integrable systems and in particular the Hubbard model, have surprisingly appeared in the AdS/CFT correspondence context. The intersection point between the fields is the Bethe equations: the ones of new integrable models and the generalizations of existing ones are relevant in the application in AdS/CFT duality. In the first part of the thesis, we present basis notions of the quantum integrability: the R-matrix formalism, the Yang-Baxter equation, integrable spin chains etc. In the second part we review several fundamental results of the one-dimensional Hubbard model: the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution, real solutions of the Lieb-Wu equations etc. Moreover, applications in the AdS/CFT duality are considered. However, it turns out that certain modifications of the integrable Hubbard model are necessary to reproduce the correct results of the AdS/CFT context. This is one of the main motivations of the studies of generalized Hubbard models. The fourth chapter is devoted to generalizations of the Hubbard model and we focus our attention on supersymmetric ones. The fifth chapter con- tains the results obtained in the framework of this thesis on the supersymmetric generalizations of the Hubbard models. Namely, the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution and real solutions of the Bethe equations in the thermodynamic limit are exposed. We point out that the obtained Bethe equations differs from the Lieb-Wu ones by phases which appearance is encouraging sign for the application in the AdS/CFT context. We also discuss possible applications in the AdS/CFT duality and in con- densed matter physics.