With the emergence of quantum computing and quantum networks, many communication protocols that take advantage of the unique properties of quantum mechanics to achieve a secure bidirectional exchange of information, have been proposed. In this study, we propose a new quantum communication protocol, called Continuous Quantum Secure Dialogue (CQSD), that allows two parties to continuously exchange messages without halting while ensuring the privacy of the conversation. Compared to existing protocols, CQSD improves the efficiency of quantum communication. In addition, we offer an implementation of the CQSD protocol using the Qiskit framework. Finally, we conduct a security analysis of the CQSD protocol in the context of several common forms of attack.
With the emergence of quantum computing and quantum networks, many communication protocols that take advantage of the unique properties of quantum mechanics to achieve a secure bidirectional exchange of information, have been proposed. In this study, we propose a new quantum communication protocol, called Continuous Quantum Secure Dialogue (CQSD), that allows two parties to continuously exchange messages without halting while ensuring the privacy of the conversation. Compared to existing protocols, CQSD improves the efficiency of quantum communication. In addition, we offer an implementation of the CQSD protocol using the Qiskit framework. Finally, we conduct a security analysis of the CQSD protocol in the context of several common forms of attack.
Drawing on the idea of the quantum secure direct communication(QSDC),a novel quantum dialogue scheme based on Bell states is presented in this paper.The proposed scheme can realize authorized parties' secure exchange of their respective secret messages simultaneously only through one communication.In this scheme,a random bit string and checking particles are used to ensure the security;the scheme is secure against eavesdropper's commonly used attacks,such as intercept/resend attack,Trojan horse attack and entanglement attack.A serious problem called leakage or correlation is found in some quantum dialogue protocols,namely,any eavesdropper can elicit some information about the secret from the classical communication of the legal users.Fortunately,our protocol can discard the drawback leakage.In addition,our protocol possesses high efficiency 66.7% and is feasible.Finally,the protocol is applied to the scheme based on two-qutrit entangled states with a secure communication.
Abstract Quantum dialogue enables two communicators to send their own secret information to each other, but most of the current quantum dialogue protocols have high requirements for the hardware equipment and capabilities of the communicators. In order to reduce the cost of participant, a semi-quantum dialogue scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states is studied in this paper. In our protocol, we combines the idea of semi-quantum key distribution and semi-quantum secure direct communication to realize the exchange of secret information between Alice and Bob, Alice’s information is transmitted to Bob through semi-quantum secure direct communication, while Bob’s message is extracted by Alice through semi-quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption. This is different from the previous semi-quantum dialogue protocols, and is a new way of thinking. The security analysis shows that our protocol can not only resist the conventional attack strategies, but also has not the drawback of ‘information leakage’ problem. Compared with the existing semi-quantum dialogue protocols, it has some advantages, such as high communication efficiency, saving classical participant’s consumption and security. Although this protocol requires the preparation and analysis of hyperentangled Bell state, which are slightly more complex, it will be shown that all these are achievable by current technology. Our protocol is fully implementable, so it has good application prospects.
In quantum cryptography,it is commonly established that quantum key distribution and quantum secure direct,communication work in a single direction,namely one direction communication schemes. However,quantum dialog protocol can enable two legal users exchange messages simultaneously,namely two direction communication.Most existed proposals of quantum dialog protocol are based on discrete variables, which are much more difficult to implement with today's technology,thus they are less practical than its counterpart.Based on squeezed states,a new quantum dialog scheme is proposed,information-theoretical analysis is then followed and it shows that our scheme is not only secure,but also has larger channel capacity than that of its counterpart.
Quantum dialogue allows both communication parties to execute secure direct communication simultaneously and bidirectionally. In recent years, due to the possible applications of quantum communication technologies in military, finance, medicine and other fields, quantum dialogue has been widely concerned. In the year of 2017, NR Zhou et al designed a new quantum dialogue protocol by using the continuous-variable two-mode squeezed vacuum states, where the two communication parties encode their own secret information into the entangled optical modes with the translation operations and each communication party could deduce the secret information of their counterparts with the help of his or her secret information and the Bellbasis measurement results [1]. LH Gong et al devised an efficient three-party quantum dialogue protocol based on the continuous variable GHZ entangled states [2]. NR Zhou et al proposed a secure quantum dialogue protocol based on single-photons, which not only overcomes information leakage but also possesses an acceptable efficiency. M Xiao et al presented a novel quantum dialogue protocol without information leakage over the collective noise channel, where the logical qubits and four-qubit decoherence-free states were introduced to resist against collective-dephasing noise, collective-rotation noise and all kinds of unitary collective noise [4]. T Hwang et al proposed an authenticated quantum dialogue based on Bell states, allowing two communicators to perform mutual authentication and secure bidirectional communications simultaneously via public classical channels [5]. TY Ye proposed a quantum dialogue scheme by employing logical Bell states as the quantum resource to combat the collective-dephasing noise and the collective-rotation noise, which can accomplish the mutual identification and the dialogue between two participants simultaneously and securely over one kind of collective noise channels [6]. M Wang et al proposed a quantum dialogue protocol based on four-qubit entangled state, which is constructed by an EPR pair and two different single qubits through three Controlled-Not gates [7]. By using Bell measurements and the corresponding unitary operations, two users can exchange their messages simultaneously and directly without sharing any secret keys beforehand. The above protocols exploited different quantum states and involved two or three communication parties basically. These protocols cannot satisfy the practical applications of quantum dialogue in future possible quantum communication networks. Therefore, we will propose a multiparty continuous variable quantum dialogue protocol. Multiparty quantum dialogue protocol enables multiple communication parties to transmit and/or receive information at the same time. The protocol could ensure that there is no information leakage in the communication process according to the uncertainty principle and quantum non-cloning theorem.
In this paper, a controlled quantum dialogue (CQD) protocol based on Brown states is proposed. In the beginning, the controller Cindy creates a five-qubit Brown state as the channel and distributes it to the other two communication participants, Alice and Bob. Then, Alice and Bob can encode the secret key by performing unitary operation onto the entangled particles that Cindy sends to them. Finally, the messages can be exchanged by entanglement swapping and the results of Bell state measurement. The security analysis shows that our protocol cannot only solves the problem of information leakage, but also can effectively prevent a variety of well-known attacks. Under the control of Cindy, there are two possible decoding methods for participants to obtain each other's information, improving communication security. In addition, this protocol does not involve complex quantum operations and demonstrates a good physical operational feasibility.
Asymmetry quantum dialogue (AQD) can achieve bidirectional communication between two communicants simultaneously in which both parties can transmit different amounts of message to each other. However, the traditional AQD protocol is available only under the condition that both parties have quantum communication capacities. In this paper, an asymmetry semiquantum dialogue (ASQD) protocol has been proposed. Different form the previous AQD protocols, the proposed ASQD protocol can realize the mutual transmission of secret messages between the classical party and quantum party. Therefore, the ASQD protocol can achieve asymmetry quantum dialogue with fewer quantum resources. Furthermore, the security analysis proves that the ASQD protocol is secure against information leakage problem and eavesdropper's active attacks.