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arXiv:1910.05833 · Acta Polytechnica

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF (2+1) DIMENSIONAL DIRAC EQUATION IN TIME-DEPENDENT NONCOMMUTATIVE PHASE-SPACE

Ilyas Haouam

Published Apr 30, 2020• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this article, we studied the system of a (2+1) dimensional Dirac equation in a time-dependent noncommutative phase-space. More specifically, we investigated the analytical solution of the corresponding system by the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant method based on the construction of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant. Knowing that we obtained the time-dependent Dirac Hamiltonian of the problem in question from a time-dependent Bopp-Shift translation, then used it to set the Lewis- Riesenfeld invariant operators. Thereafter, the obtained results were used to express the eigenfunctions that lead to determining the general solution of the system.

DOI
10.14311/ap.2020.60.0111

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In this article, we studied the system of a (2+1) dimensional Dirac equation in a time-dependent noncommutative phase-space. More specifically, we investigated the analytical solution of the corresponding system by the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant method based on the construction of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant. Knowing that we obtained the time-dependent Dirac Hamiltonian of the problem in question from a time-dependent Bopp-Shift translation, then used it to set the Lewis- Riesenfeld invariant operators. Thereafter, the obtained results were used to express the eigenfunctions that lead to determining the general solution of the system.
In this work we construct two classes of exact solutions for the most general time-dependent Dirac Hamiltonian in 1+11+11+1 dimensions. Some problems regarding some formal solutions in the literature are discussed. Finally the possibility of existence of a generalized Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant connected with such solutions is discussed.
By making use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory, the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the time-dependent linear potential corresponding to the quadratic-form Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant Iq(t)I_{\rm q}(t)Iq​(t) is obtained in the present paper. It is emphasized that in order to obtain the general solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, one should first find the complete set of Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants. For the present quantum system with a time-dependent linear potential, the linear Il(t)I_{\rm l}(t)Il​(t) and quadratic Iq(t)I_{\rm q}(t)Iq​(t) (where the latter Iq(t)I_{\rm q}(t)Iq​(t) cannot be written as the squared of the former Il(t)I_{\rm l}(t)Il​(t), {\it i.e.}, the relation Iq(t)=cIl2(t)I_{\rm q}(t)= cI_{\rm l}^{2}(t)Iq​(t)=cIl2​(t) does not hold true always) will form a complete set of Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants. It is also shown that the solution obtained by Bekkar {\it et al.} more recently is the one corresponding to the linear Il(t)I_{\rm l}(t)Il​(t), one of the invariants that form the complete set. In addition, we discuss some related topics regarding the comment [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 68}, 016101 (2003)] of Bekkar {\it et al.} on Guedes's work [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 63}, 034102 (2001)] and Guedes's corresponding reply [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 68}, 016102 (2003)].
In this article, we investigate Ehrenfest's theorem from the Dirac equation in a noncommutative phase-space where we calculate the time derivative of the position and the kinetic momentum operators for Dirac particles in interaction with electromagnetic field and within a noncommutative setting. This allows examining the effect of the phase-space noncommutativity on Ehrenfest's theorem. Knowing that with both the linear Bopp-Shift and Moyal-Weyl product, the noncommutativity is inserted.
We investigate a quantum mechanical system on a noncommutative space for which the structure constant is explicitly time dependent. Any autonomous Hamiltonian on such a space acquires a time-dependent form in terms of the conventional canonical variables. We employ the Lewis-Riesenfeld method of invariants to construct explicit analytical solutions for the corresponding time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of the solutions of variants of the nonlinear Ermakov-Pinney equation and discussed in detail for various types of background fields. We utilize the solutions to verify a generalized version of Heisenberg's uncertainty relations for which the lower bound becomes a time-dependent function of the background fields. We study the variance for various states, including standard Glauber coherent states with their squeezed versions and Gaussian Klauder coherent states resembling a quasiclassical behavior. No type of coherent state appears to be optimal in general with regard to achieving minimal uncertainties, as this feature turns out to be background field dependent.
We reexamine the general solution of a Schr\"odinger equation in the presence of a time-dependent linear potential in configuration space based on the Lewis-Riesenfeld framework. For comparison, we also solve the problem in momentum space and then Fourier transform the solution to get the general wave function. Appropriately choosing the weight function in the latter method, we can obtain the same wave function as the former method. It is found that a non-Hermitian time-dependent linear invariant can be used to obtain Gaussian-type wave-packet solutions of the time-dependent system. This operator is a specific linear combination of the initial momentum and initial position operators. This fact indicates that the constants of integration such as the initial position and initial momentum that determine the classical motion play important roles in the time-dependent quantum system. The eigenfunction of the linear invariant is interpreted as a wave packet with a ``center of mass'' moving along the classical trajectory, while the ratio between the coefficients of the initial position and initial momentum determines the width of the wave packet.