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arXiv:1910.00919 · Condensed Matter Physics

Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model in the truncated Hilbert space limit

Володимир Олександрович Краснов, Stasyuk

Published Sep 1, 2019• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

It is shown that in the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model which is used for a description of the ultracold atomic boson-fermion mixture in the optical lattice, the $n_\text{B}\leqslant 2$ restriction enables one to analyze a more general case of separated lobes Mott insulator in comparison with the case of $n_\text{B} \leqslant 1$ (hard-core bosons). It also showed that the restriction to no more than 2 bosons on site is enough to comprehend the structure of $(μ, |t_0|)$ diagrams at arbitrary $n^\text{b}$ values with an account of a possibility of the 1st order phase transition.

DOI
10.5488/cmp.22.33704

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It is shown that in the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model which is used for a description of the ultracold atomic boson-fermion mixture in the optical lattice, the nB⩽2n_\text{B}\leqslant 2nB​⩽2 restriction enables one to analyze a more general case of separated lobes Mott insulator in comparison with the case of nB⩽1n_\text{B} \leqslant 1nB​⩽1 (hard-core bosons). It also showed that the restriction to no more than 2 bosons on site is enough to comprehend the structure of (μ,∣t0∣)(μ, |t_0|)(μ,∣t0​∣) diagrams at arbitrary nbn^\text{b}nb values with an account of a possibility of the 1st order phase transition.
We investigate the fermion spectrum within the Bose–Fermi–Hubbard model used for the description of boson-fermion mixtures of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices. We used the method based on the Hubbard operator approach for an on-site basis. The equation for fermion Green’s function in the Bose–Fermi–Hubbard model is built; Green’s functions of higher orders are decoupled in the Hubbard-I approximation (the case of the strong on-site interaction). The corresponding spectral densities are calculated. In the case of hard-core bosons, the condition of appearance of additional bands in the fermion spectrum is investigated. It is shown that these bands exist only in the state with a Bose–Einstein condensate and appear because of the mixing of states with different numbers of bosons. These additional bands can be interpreted as a manifestation of composite excitations (when the appearance of a fermion on the site is accompanied by the simultaneous creation (or annihilation) of a boson).
Phase transitions are investigated in the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model in the mean field and hard-core boson approximations for the case of infinitely small fermion transfer and repulsive on-site boson-fermion interaction.The behavior of the Bose-Einstein condensate order parameter and grand canonical potential is analyzed as functions of the chemical potential of bosons at zero temperature.The possibility of change of order of the phase transition to the superfluid phase in the regime of fixed values of the chemical potentials of Bose-and Fermi-particles is established.The relevant phase diagrams are built.
We simulate quantum degenerate Bose gases at finite temperatures in a grand canonical ensemble and use the Bose-Hubbard model which can describe the dynamics of ultracold bosonic atoms in optical and magnetic lattices. We study ultracold atoms with the gauge P-representation in 1D with 1, 2 (double well), 3, 7 and 11 sites and study quantum correlations and other physical quantities at different temperatures across the superfluid to Mott insulator quantum phase transition. Moreover, using a truncated number-state basis and the gauge P-representation, we show that the Mott lobes are not present unless the temperature is below a certain value.
Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices provide an unique framework to study quantum phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In addition to the precise control over all relevant parameters in the experiment, these experiments can be mapped to a fundamental model from solid-state physics. For the bosonic version of this model, the so-called Bose-Hubbard model, a phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator was theoretically predicted and later experimentally observed in an ultracold gas of Rb-87 atoms in three-dimensional as well as in one-dimensional optical lattices. Apart from homogeneous optical lattices one can introduce more complex lattice topologies such as two-color superlattices which give rise to a rich phase diagram including more exotic phases like the Bose-glass. We employ various powerful many-body techniques like exact diagonalization in complete and truncated Hilbert spaces and the Density-Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm to study the phase diagrams of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard and the one-dimensional Bose-Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian. Most theoretical studies of these systems discuss the phase diagrams with respect to the generic parameters of the Hubbard model. These Hubbard parameters, however, depend non-trivially on the control parameters used in experiments. The focus of this work is on the ab-initio calculation of the phase diagram of ultracold Rb-87 in one-dimensional optical superlattices starting directly from the experimental setup. To this end, we first employ band-structure calculations to extract the Hubbard parameters from the experimental parameters. Then, we use state-of-the-art DMRG techniques to solve the many-body problem for realistic particle numbers and lattice sizes that occur in experiments. Our results show that by using the intensities of the two laser fields forming the two-color superlattice as control parameters while keeping all other experimental parameters fixed, it is possible to access all relevant quantum phases of the system. Furthermore, we found out that the critical values of the laser intensities for the different phase transitions depend strongly on a third parameter that has to be included for a realistic description of the experiment. This third parameter is the strength of a harmonic trapping potential which accounts for the Gaussian shape of the laser fields and an additional magnetic potential used to confine the atoms in the center of the trap.
The zero-temperature phase diagram of a binary mixture of bosonic and fermionic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied in the framework of the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model. By exact numerical solution of the associated eigenvalue problems, ground state observables and the response to an external phase twist are evaluated. The stiffnesses under phase variations provide measures for the boson superfluid fraction and the fermionic Drude weight. Several distinct quantum phases are identified as functions of the strength of the repulsive boson-boson and the boson-fermion interactions. In addition to the bosonic Mott-insulator phase, two other insulating phases are found, where both the bosonic superfluid fraction and the fermionic Drude weight vanish simultaneously. One of these double-insulator phases exhibits a crystalline diagonal long-range order, while the other is characterized by spatial separation of the two species.