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arXiv:1909.13000 · Physical Review Letters

Three-Photon Discrete-Energy-Entangled W State in an Optical Fiber

Bin Fang, M. Menotti, Marco Liscidini, John E. Sipe, Virginia O. Lorenz

Published Aug 16, 2019• 39 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a three-photon discrete-energy-entangled W state using multiphoton-pair generation by spontaneous four-wave mixing in an optical fiber. We show that, by making use of prior information on the photon source, we can verify the state produced by this source without resorting to frequency conversion.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.123.070508

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We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a three-photon discrete-energy-entangled W state using multiphoton-pair generation by spontaneous four-wave mixing in an optical fiber. We show that, by making use of prior information on the photon source, we can verify the state produced by this source without resorting to frequency conversion.
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Based on the theory of third-order nonlinear Kerr effect in optical fiber, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of photon pairs by exploiting spontaneous four-wave mixing. The photon pairs are produced by pumping a fiber Sagnac loop and a piece of straight fiber with a pulsed laser, respectively. By comparing the experimental results, we analyze how to optimize the experimental parameters to obtain entangled photon pairs with high purity. Our results are useful for developing the all-fiber source of photon pairs and single photon source, which are well suited for quantum communication.
We study both experimentally and theoretically the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in standard birefringent optical fibers. The ability to produce a range of two-photon spectral states, from highly correlated (entangled) to completely factorable, by means of cross-polarized birefringent phase matching, is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the spectral state of the photon pair which shows how this can be adjusted by choosing the appropriate pump bandwidth, fiber length and birefringence. Spontaneous Raman scattering is modeled to determine the tradeoff between SFWM and background Raman noise, and the predicted results are shown to agree with experimental data.
The creation of optical states of light that are quantum mechanical in nature in optical fibers is discussed and demonstrated experimentally. Specifically, two- photon states created by spontaneous four-wave-mixing in commercially available single-mode, birefringent fibers are studied. When creating photon states of light, it is important to verify the created states are of the proper photon number distribution and free of noise. We detail a method for combining thresholding, non-number resolving detectors to characterize the photon number distribution created via SFWM and a procedure to quantify the noise sources present in the process. Frequency translation in optical fibers with two-photon states is discussed and experimental considerations are presented.
We report our recent progress in the generation and verification of a transverse-mode Bell state using spontaneous four-wave mixing in a few-mode polarization-maintaining fiber. Utilizing spatial light modulators, we show control over individual four-wave mixing processes through precise beam shaping of the pump transverse mode and verify entanglement via quantum state tomography. We discuss challenges in temporal and frequency distinguishability and illustrate how they can be resolved. This work represents a first step towards creating a versatile fiber-based transverse mode-entangled photon-pair source matched to fiber infrastructure.