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arXiv:1907.07881 · Nuclear Physics B

Quantum spin chains from Onsager algebras and reflection K-matrices

Atsuo Kuniba, Vincent Pasquier

Published Oct 8, 2019• 7 citations
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Abstract

We present a representation of the generalized p-Onsager algebras Op(An−1(1)), Op(Dn+1(2)), Op(Bn(1)), Op(B˜n(1)) and Op(Dn(1)) in which the generators are expressed as local Hamiltonians of XXZ type spin chains with various boundary terms reflecting the Dynkin diagrams. Their symmetry is described by the reflection K matrices which are obtained recently by a q-boson matrix product construction related to the 3D integrability and characterized by Onsager coideals of quantum affine algebras. The spectral decomposition of the K matrices with respect to the classical part of the Onsager algebra is described conjecturally. We also include a proof of a certain invariance property of boundary vectors in the q-boson Fock space playing a key role in the matrix product construction.

DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114792

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We present a representation of the generalized p-Onsager algebras Op(An−1(1)), Op(Dn+1(2)), Op(Bn(1)), Op(B˜n(1)) and Op(Dn(1)) in which the generators are expressed as local Hamiltonians of XXZ type spin chains with various boundary terms reflecting the Dynkin diagrams. Their symmetry is described by the reflection K matrices which are obtained recently by a q-boson matrix product construction related to the 3D integrability and characterized by Onsager coideals of quantum affine algebras. The spectral decomposition of the K matrices with respect to the classical part of the Onsager algebra is described conjecturally. We also include a proof of a certain invariance property of boundary vectors in the q-boson Fock space playing a key role in the matrix product construction.
Using anisotropic R-matrices associated with affine Lie algebras gˆ (specifically, A2n(2), A2n−1(2), Bn(1), Cn(1), Dn(1)) and suitable corresponding K-matrices, we construct families of integrable open quantum spin chains of finite length, whose transfer matrices are invariant under the quantum group corresponding to removing one node from the Dynkin diagram of gˆ. We show that these transfer matrices also have a duality symmetry (for the cases Cn(1) and Dn(1)) and additional Z2 symmetries that map complex representations to their conjugates (for the cases A2n−1(2), Bn(1) and Dn(1)). A key simplification is achieved by working in a certain “unitary” gauge, in which only the unbroken symmetry generators appear. The proofs of these symmetries rely on some new properties of the R-matrices. We use these symmetries to explain the degeneracies of the transfer matrices.
Integrable open quantum spin-chain transfer matrices constructed from trigonometric R-matrices associated to affine Lie algebras g ˆ , and from certain K-matrices (reflection matrices) depending on a discrete parameter p , were recently considered in arXiv:1802.04864 and arXiv:1805.10144 . It was shown there that these transfer matrices have quantum group symmetry corresponding to removing the p th node from the g ˆ Dynkin diagram. Here we determine the spectrum of these transfer matrices by using analytical Bethe ansatz, and we determine the dependence of the corresponding Bethe equations on p . We propose formulas for the Dynkin labels of the Bethe states in terms of the numbers of Bethe roots of each type. We also briefly study how duality transformations are implemented on the Bethe ansatz solutions.
A family of A2n(2) integrable open spin chains with Uq(Cn) symmetry was recently identified in arXiv:1702.01482. We identify here in a similar way a family of A2n−1(2) integrable open spin chains with Uq(Dn) symmetry, and two families of Dn+1(2) integrable open spin chains with Uq(Bn) symmetry. We discuss the consequences of these symmetries for the degeneracies and multiplicities of the spectrum. We propose Bethe ansatz solutions for two of these models, whose completeness we check numerically for small values of n and chain length N. We find formulas for the Dynkin labels in terms of the numbers of Bethe roots of each type, which are useful for determining the corresponding degeneracies. In an appendix, we briefly consider Dn+1(2) chains with other integrable boundary conditions, which do not have quantum group symmetry.
We construct an open quantum spin chain from the “twisted” [Formula: see text]R matrix in the fundamental representation which has the quantum algebra symmetry Uq[ su (2)]. This anisotropic spin-1 chain is different from the Uq[ su (2)]-invariant chain constructed from the “untwisted” [Formula: see text] spin-1 R matrix (namely, the spin-1 XXZ chain of Fateev-Zamolodchikov with boundary terms) but, nevertheless, is also completely integrable. We discuss the general case of an R matrix of the type g(k), where k∈{1, 2, 3}, and g is any simple Lie algebra.
A new scheme to study the XXZ spin chain in massive regime is introduced by Davies et al in [1]. In this scheme, which is called symmetry approach, the space of states is identified with some Uq(A\_ ) -module. Under this identification, the XXZ Hamiltonian can be constructed on this module as an operator which commutes with the action of Uq(A '). Furthermore, the row transfer matrix and creation (annihilation) operators can be constructed by using vertex operators. In a similar way to [1], the higher spin chain [2] and the models related to the vector representation ofUq(A^) [3], Uq(B^ U q ( D ( n } ) [5] are studied. In this paper, we consider the model related with the spin representation of Uq(Dn ). In physics the model that we consider here is explained as follows. It is a one dimensional quantum spin chain model constructed from the spin representation of Uq(Dn )• The Hamiltonian acts on the space of the infinite tensor product