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arXiv:hep-th/9206047 · International Journal of Modern Physics A

INTEGRABILITY OF OPEN SPIN CHAINS WITH QUANTUM ALGEBRA SYMMETRY

Luca Mezincescu, Rafael I. Nepomechie

Published Dec 10, 1991• 132 citations
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Abstract

We construct an open quantum spin chain from the “twisted” [Formula: see text]R matrix in the fundamental representation which has the quantum algebra symmetry Uq[ su (2)]. This anisotropic spin-1 chain is different from the Uq[ su (2)]-invariant chain constructed from the “untwisted” [Formula: see text] spin-1 R matrix (namely, the spin-1 XXZ chain of Fateev-Zamolodchikov with boundary terms) but, nevertheless, is also completely integrable. We discuss the general case of an R matrix of the type g(k), where k∈{1, 2, 3}, and g is any simple Lie algebra.

DOI
10.1142/s0217751x91002458

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We construct an open quantum spin chain from the “twisted” [Formula: see text]R matrix in the fundamental representation which has the quantum algebra symmetry Uq[ su (2)]. This anisotropic spin-1 chain is different from the Uq[ su (2)]-invariant chain constructed from the “untwisted” [Formula: see text] spin-1 R matrix (namely, the spin-1 XXZ chain of Fateev-Zamolodchikov with boundary terms) but, nevertheless, is also completely integrable. We discuss the general case of an R matrix of the type g(k), where k∈{1, 2, 3}, and g is any simple Lie algebra.
We have recently constructed a large class of open quantum spin chains which have quantum-algebra symmetry and which are integrable. We show here that these models can be exactly solved using a generalization of the analytical Bethe Ansatz (BA) method. In particular, we determine in this way the spectrum of the transfer matrices of the Uq[su(2)]-invariant spin chains associated with A1(1) and A2(2) in the fundamental representation. The quantum-algebra invariance of these models plays an essential role in obtaining these results. The BA equations for these open chains are “doubled” with respect to the BA equations for the corresponding closed chains.
A family of A2n(2) integrable open spin chains with Uq(Cn) symmetry was recently identified in arXiv:1702.01482. We identify here in a similar way a family of A2n−1(2) integrable open spin chains with Uq(Dn) symmetry, and two families of Dn+1(2) integrable open spin chains with Uq(Bn) symmetry. We discuss the consequences of these symmetries for the degeneracies and multiplicities of the spectrum. We propose Bethe ansatz solutions for two of these models, whose completeness we check numerically for small values of n and chain length N. We find formulas for the Dynkin labels in terms of the numbers of Bethe roots of each type, which are useful for determining the corresponding degeneracies. In an appendix, we briefly consider Dn+1(2) chains with other integrable boundary conditions, which do not have quantum group symmetry.
Using anisotropic R-matrices associated with affine Lie algebras gˆ (specifically, A2n(2), A2n−1(2), Bn(1), Cn(1), Dn(1)) and suitable corresponding K-matrices, we construct families of integrable open quantum spin chains of finite length, whose transfer matrices are invariant under the quantum group corresponding to removing one node from the Dynkin diagram of gˆ. We show that these transfer matrices also have a duality symmetry (for the cases Cn(1) and Dn(1)) and additional Z2 symmetries that map complex representations to their conjugates (for the cases A2n−1(2), Bn(1) and Dn(1)). A key simplification is achieved by working in a certain “unitary” gauge, in which only the unbroken symmetry generators appear. The proofs of these symmetries rely on some new properties of the R-matrices. We use these symmetries to explain the degeneracies of the transfer matrices.