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arXiv:1906.11444 · Physical Review A

Spatial coherence of a strongly interacting Bose gas in the trimerized kagome lattice

Thomas H. Barter, Tsz-Him Leung, Masayuki Okano, Maxwell Block, Norman Y. Yao, Dan Stamper-Kurn

Published Jan 29, 2020• 10 citations
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Abstract

We produce a trimerized kagome lattice for ultracold atoms using an optical superlattice formed by overlaying triangular lattices generated with two colors of light at a 2:1 wavelength ratio. Adjusting the depth of each lattice tunes the strong intratrimer ($J$) and weak intertrimer (${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) tunneling energies, and also the on-site interaction energy $U$. Two different trimerization patterns are distinguished using matter-wave diffraction. We characterize the coherence of a strongly interacting Bose gas in this lattice, observing persistent nearest-neighbor spatial coherence in the large $U/{J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ limit, and that such coherence displays asymmetry between the strongly and the weakly coupled bonds.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.011601

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Quantum simulation is the study of one quantum mechanical system via analog with another. In this thesis we explore a simple model of interacting bosons on a lattice, known as the Bose-Hubbard model, by experimental investigation of ultracold rubidium atoms in an optical lattice made from laser light. We describe the construction and stabilization of an optical superlattice with threefold symmetry, and its use in studying the Bose-Hubbard model on triangular and trimerized kagome lattices. We study the short range phase coherence of a Mott insulator on the triangular lattice, and develop a scheme to mitigate out-of-equilibrium effects arising from the state preparation. We show the first experimental realization of an optical trimerized kagome lattice for cold atoms, and discuss experiments characterizing this lattice. Finally, we provide evidence for a Mott insulating state with fractional average particle number per site with measurements of the nearest-neighbor phase coherence of strongly interacting atoms in the trimerized kagome lattice.
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We demonstrate the possibility of creating and controlling an ideal and trimerized optical Kagomé lattice, and study the low temperature physics of various atomic gases in such lattices. In the trimerized Kagomé lattice, a Bose gas exhibits a Mott transition with fractional filling factors, whereas a spinless interacting Fermi gas at 2/3 filling behaves as a quantum magnet on a triangular lattice. Finally, a Fermi-Fermi mixture at half-filling for both components represents a frustrated quantum antiferromagnet with a resonating-valence-bond ground state and quantum spin liquid behavior dominated by a continuous spectrum of singlet and triplet excitations. We discuss the method of preparing and observing such a quantum spin liquid employing molecular Bose condensates.
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