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arXiv:1906.10175 · International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics (ICMNE)

Machine learning methods in quantum computing theory

Dmitriy V. Fastovets, Yu. I. Bogdanov, B. I. Bantysh, Vladimir F. Lukichev

Published Mar 15, 2019• 31 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Classical machine learning theory and theory of quantum computations are among of the most rapidly developing scientific areas in our days. In recent years, researchers investigated if quantum computing can help to improve classical machine learning algorithms. The quantum machine learning includes hybrid methods that involve both classical and quantum algorithms. Quantum approaches can be used to analyze quantum states instead of classical data. On other side, quantum algorithms can exponentially improve classical data science algorithm. Here, we show basic ideas of quantum machine learning. We present several new methods that combine classical machine learning algorithms and quantum computing methods. We demonstrate multiclass tree tensor network algorithm, and its approbation on IBM quantum processor. Also, we introduce neural networks approach to quantum tomography problem. Our tomography method allows us to predict quantum state excluding noise influence. Such classical-quantum approach can be applied in various experiments to reveal latent dependence between input data and output measurement results.

DOI
10.1117/12.2522427

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Over the course of the last seven decades the world of computing has taken revolutionary reformations in the scope of classical computing. Classical computers manipulate ones and zeroes to crunch through operations given to them by users. An innovative strategy known as quantum computing leverages the concepts of quantum physics to solve issues that are too complex for conventional computers to handle. Two of the domains of science that are now progressing the fastest are theoretical machine learning and quantum computing theory. In recent years, researchers have begun examining how classic machine learning techniques may be improved by quantum computing. Hybrid techniques that integrate conventional and quantum algorithms are part of quantum machine learning. Instead of using standard data, quantum techniques may be utilized to examine quantum states. However, quantum algorithms have the potential to greatly expand current data science techniques. In this paper we review the contribution carried out by various researchers in the field of Quantum Machine Learning and later we look at certain techniques associated with it for its use.
Quantum computers acting as ML accelerators have attracted considerable interest as a promising avenue for addressing the limitations of classical computing confronted with solving complex, high-dimensional problems and handling large data sets. The most exciting aspect of quantum computing lies in its quantum advantage via techniques such as quantum parallelism, superposition, and entanglement which allows not only for rapid data processing, but also a means to resolve complex optimization problems beyond the capacity of classical algorithms. Nevertheless, the usage of quantum computing in machine learning is still a fledgling domain, with challenges concerning quantum noise, hardware restrictions, and algorithmic development. In particular, this research is concerned with the development of and study on hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that target to improve ML models in terms of computational capabilities by making use of the best of both worlds. To address this, researchers are developing hybrid algorithms that leverage the strengths of quantum computing for specific tasks, like optimization and pattern recognition, while still relying on classical computing for more flexible and larger-scale processing, ultimately achieving more efficient machine learning systems that can handle large datasets and complex problem-solving more effectively. It includes potential hybrid approaches like quantum-enhanced optimization algorithms, quantum neural networks, and quantum support vector machines, and examines how such algorithms can be used for practical ML problems including data classification, regression and clustering. Furthermore, the paper proposes that hybrid quantum algorithms offer several advantages over their classical counterparts, such as faster convergence rates, higher accuracy in high-dimensional spaces, and improved handling of non-linear and complex problem landscapes. Key advancements in the area of data processing speed and efficiency in problem-solving with and without quantum in the machine learning workflow are also highlighted in the research through comparative analysis and simulation studies. Lastly, the paper concludes by outlining the obstacles yet to be surmounted and the opportunities that lie ahead for hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, such as further improvement of quantum hardware and error mitigation methods, as well as the design of new algorithmic paradigms that seamlessly integrates the classical and quantum computing spaces.
The computing sector has undergone radical changes in the last few decades. Conventional computers use binary (1s and 0s) numbers to perform tasks that are specified by the user. Using the concepts of quantum physics, a unique method known as “quantum computing” addresses problems that are too complicated for conventional computing devices. Two of the scientific fields with the fastest growth rates in today's time are machine learning and quantum computing. Researchers have recently initiated investigations into the ways in which conventional machine learning methods can be improved by quantum computing. Quantum machine learning comprises hybrid approaches that combine quantum and classical algorithms, using quantum methods to evaluate quantum states rather than traditional data. Current data science techniques could be significantly improved by quantum algorithms. In this work, we summarize the contributions made by different researchers in the domain of Quantum Learning and then look at some of the methods related to its real-world uses.
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Machine learning algorithms learn a desired input-output relation from examples in order to interpret new inputs. This is important for tasks such as image and speech recognition or strategy optimisation, with growing applications in the IT industry. In the last couple of years, researchers investigated if quantum computing can help to improve classical machine learning algorithms. Ideas range from running computationally costly algorithms or their subroutines efficiently on a quantum computer to the translation of stochastic methods into the language of quantum theory. This contribution gives a systematic overview of the emerging field of quantum machine learning. It presents the approaches as well as technical details in an accessable way, and discusses the potential of a future theory of quantum learning.
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