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arXiv:1905.12301 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Gravitational dephasing in spontaneous emission of atomic ensembles in timed Dicke states

V. Stefanov, I. A. Siutsou, Dmitri S. Mogilevtsev

Published Feb 21, 2020• 4 citations
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Abstract

Here we discuss an effect of dephasing induced by a weak gravitational field on the collective radiation dynamics of an atomic system in timed single-photon Dicke states. We show that a photon absorbed by the stationary system of randomly placed stationary atoms is no longer spontaneously emitted in the direction of the impinging photon. Gravity leads to broadening of the angular distribution of emission.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.101.044042

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We study the collective spontaneous emission of a linear atomic chain excited by a single photon. The interaction between the atoms and the common vacuum field can significantly change the eigenenergy and the spontaneous emission rate of the system. Due to the dipole-dipole interactions, the system prepared in a single-photon timed Dicke state is the superposition of superradiant and subradiant eigenstates that can have a nonexponential decay dynamics. We can tune the frequency and linewidth of the superradiant and subradiant emission from a timed Dicke state by changing the direction of the atomic dipole moment or the atomic separation. In addition, the emission direction of the superradiant and subradiant photons also depends on the polarization of the atoms.
We investigate the dissipative dynamics of a two-level atom in a weak gravitational field. Using the Feynman--Vernon influence functional formalism, we derive a quantum master equation describing the two-level atom interacting with a scalar field in a Newtonian gravitational field, and compute the energy dissipation rate of the atom. We find that the spontaneous emission rate (the dissipation rate in vacuum) is modified by the gravitational field. Specifically, this modification depends on the atom's dipole, the position of the atom relative to the source of the gravitational field, and the frequency of the scalar radiation emitted by the atom. Furthermore, we identify the parameter regimes in which the spontaneous emission rate is enhanced or suppressed by gravity. We also discuss how the modification arises from time dilation and dipole radiation in a weak gravitational field. These findings provide a theoretical basis for exploring gravitational effects in open quantum systems.
We study the phase-correlated state which is introduced by the instantaneous excitation of an ensemble of identical two-level quantum emitters and its relation with the Dicke states. Under weak coupling regime, the time evolution of the phase-correlated system of the emitters is also derived to see the characteristics of the collective spontaneous emission of the emitters. It is found that the effective coupling of the ensemble in the phase-correlated state with the emitted field is directly determined by the collective phase of the system. Hence, the collective phase is considered for several specified distributions in brief.
We study the correlated spontaneous emission from a dense spherical cloud of N atoms uniformly excited by absorption of a single photon. We find that the decay of such a state depends on the relation between an effective Rabi frequency Omega proportional square root N and the time of photon flight through the cloud R/c. If OmegaR/c<1 the state exponentially decays with rate Omega(2)R/c and the state lifetime is greater than R/c. In the opposite limit OmegaR/c>>1, the coupled atom-radiation system oscillates between the collective Dicke state (with no photons) and the atomic ground state (with one photon) with frequency Omega while decaying at a rate c/R.
We study cooperative single-photon spontaneous emission from NNN multilevel atoms for different atomic distributions in optical vector theory. Instead of the average approximation for interatomic distance or the continuum approximation (sums over atoms replaced by integrals) for atomic distribution, the positions of every atom are taken into account by numerical calculation. It is shown that the regularity of atomic distribution has considerable influence on cooperative spontaneous emission. For a small atomic sample (compared with radiation wavelength), obtaining strong superradiance requires not only the uniform excitation (the Dicke state) but also the uniform atomic distribution. For a large sample, the uniform atomic distribution is beneficial to subradiance of the Dicke state, while the influence of atomic distribution on the timed Dicke state is weak and its time evolution obeys exponential decay approximately. In addition, we also investigate the corresponding emission spectrum and verify the directed emission for the timed Dicke state for a large atomic sample.