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arXiv:1904.09289 · Foundations of Physics

An Interaction-Free Quantum Measurement-Driven Engine

Cyril Elouard, Mordecai Waegell, Benjamin Huard, Andrew N. Jordan

Published Sep 18, 2020• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10701-020-00381-1

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Interaction Free Measurement of Quantum Systems

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An analytical study of a feedback-driven quantum engine based on a two-level system is presented. This engine is similar to a quantum Otto engine but substitutes the quantum isochoric process with a feedback-driven operation based on a measured observable $A(\ensuremath{\theta})$, whose eigenstates are coherent superpositions of energy eigenstates. Projective measurements control the feedback operations, while work extraction or heat absorption occurs during driven operations. We derive the general time-dependent efficiency, power, and power fluctuations. Quantum coherence is examined through three mechanisms: (i) coherence associated with $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\ne}0$, (ii) residual coherence after incomplete thermalization, and (iii) coherence generated by the interaction between the system and a coherent laser pulse on resonance. We investigate how the parameter $\ensuremath{\theta}$, quantum coherence, and timing of unitary and feedback-driven strokes influence engine performance. We demonstrate that quantum coherence can significantly enhance power output and efficiency while reducing fluctuations through optimal cycle parameter adjustments.
Optical parametric processes underpin quantum photonics, while free-electron--photon interactions offer agile pathways to generate nontrivial quantum photonic states. These threads have so far largely progressed independently, whereas placing free electrons in a driven nonlinear system can potentially activate coherent parametric interaction channels for joint state engineering of both types of particles. Here we unify these paradigms by developing a general theoretical framework for parametric free-electron--photon interactions in a nonlinear optical system driven by degenerate parametric down-conversion. Unlike free electrons in a linear bath, here they can couple to Bogoliubov quasiparticles through two detuned phase-matching channels, where the parametric process and free-electron interactions can quantum amplify each other. Seeding the interaction with squeezed vacuum yields gain-only or loss-only electron energy spectra, and enables electron-heralded squeezed Fock states; with bare vacuum, postselecting electron energy sidebands generates high-fidelity Schrödinger cat states. Our results show how optical parametric interactions can quantum shape free electrons and photons, potentially enabling a quantum parametric dielectric laser accelerator that mitigates the need for temporal phase synchronization, thereby allowing acceleration probabilities to approach unity even for phase-random electrons.