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arXiv:1904.04500 · EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

Regional robust secure precise wireless transmission design for multi-user UAV broadcasting system

Tong Shen, Tingting Liu, Yan Lin, Yongpeng Wu, Feng Shu, Zhu Han

Published Oct 21, 2020• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, two regional robust secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT) schemes for multi-user unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): 1)regional signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) and artificial-noise-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (ANLNR) (R-SLNR-ANLNR) maximization and 2) point SLNR and ANLNR (P-SLNR-ANLNR) maximization, are proposed to tackle with the estimation errors of the target users’ location. In the SPWT system, the estimation error for SPWT cannot be ignored. However the conventional robust methods in secure wireless communications optimize the beamforming vector in the desired positions only in statistical means and cannot guarantee the security for each symbol. The proposed regional robust schemes are designed for optimizing the secrecy performance in the whole error region around the estimated location. Specifically, with the known maximal estimation error, we define the target region and wiretap region. Then design an optimal beamforming vector and an artificial noise projection matrix, which achieve the confidential signal in the target area having the maximal power while only few signal power is conserved in the potential wiretap region. Instead of considering the statistical distributions of the estimated errors into optimization, we optimize the SLNR and ANLNR of the whole target area, which significantly decreases the complexity. Moreover, the proposed schemes can ensure that the desired users are located in the optimized region, which are more practical than the conventional methods. Simulation results show that our proposed regional robust SPWT design is capable of substantially improving the secrecy rate compared to the conventional non-robust method. The P-SLNR-ANLNR maximization-based method has the comparable secrecy performance with lower complexity than that of the R-SLNR-ANLNR maximization-based method.

DOI
10.1186/s13638-020-01817-y

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Abstract In this paper, two regional robust secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT) schemes for multi-user unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): 1)regional signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) and artificial-noise-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (ANLNR) (R-SLNR-ANLNR) maximization and 2) point SLNR and ANLNR (P-SLNR-ANLNR) maximization, are proposed to tackle with the estimation errors of the target users’ location. In the SPWT system, the estimation error for SPWT cannot be ignored. However the conventional robust methods in secure wireless communications optimize the beamforming vector in the desired positions only in statistical means and cannot guarantee the security for each symbol. The proposed regional robust schemes are designed for optimizing the secrecy performance in the whole error region around the estimated location. Specifically, with the known maximal estimation error, we define the target region and wiretap region. Then design an optimal beamforming vector and an artificial noise projection matrix, which achieve the confidential signal in the target area having the maximal power while only few signal power is conserved in the potential wiretap region. Instead of considering the statistical distributions of the estimated errors into optimization, we optimize the SLNR and ANLNR of the whole target area, which significantly decreases the complexity. Moreover, the proposed schemes can ensure that the desired users are located in the optimized region, which are more practical than the conventional methods. Simulation results show that our proposed regional robust SPWT design is capable of substantially improving the secrecy rate compared to the conventional non-robust method. The P-SLNR-ANLNR maximization-based method has the comparable secrecy performance with lower complexity than that of the R-SLNR-ANLNR maximization-based method.
In this paper, a novel quality-of-service (QoS)-based robust scheme combining beamforming and artificial noise (AN) is proposed to tackle with imperfect location estimation in UAV-aided secure transmission. In this multi-user network, a UAV equipped with linear antenna array cannot accurately estimate locations of users and eavesdroppers. We mainly Consider imperfect location of desired user, while eavesdropper locations fall into two categories: imperfect and unknown. Based on the analysis of energy leakage, two security QoS indicators, signal to leakage noise ratio (SLNR) and AN to leakage plus noise ratio (ANLNR), are defined to solve the difficulties of non-convex optimization and variable coupling of maximizing secrecy-sum-rate (SSR) problem. Specifically, we define the desired region and wiretap region according to the main lobe coverage range and estimation of direction angle and distance. A main-lobe integration method is adopted to optimize the beamforming vectors and the artificial noise projection matrix respectively, without needing the statistical property or distribution of location measurement errors. Compared with conventional robust methods, simulation results show a significant improvement in communication reliability and security performance towards multiple users in the middle and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions.
In this letter, two unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) optimal position selection schemes are proposed. Based on the proposed schemes, the optimal UAV transmission positions for secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT) are given, where the maximum secrecy rate (SR) can be achieved without artificial noise (AN). In conventional SPWT schemes, the transmission location is not considered which impacts the SR a lot. The proposed schemes find the optimal transmission positions based on putting the eavesdropper at the null point. Thus, the received confidential message energy at the eavesdropper is zero, and the maximum SR achieves. Simulation results show that proposed schemes have improved the SR performance significantly.
In conventional secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT), fully digital beamforming (FDB) has a high secrecy performance in transmit antenna system, but results in a huge RF-chain circuit budget for medium-scale and large-scale systems. To reduce the complexity, this letter considers a hybrid digital and analog (HDA) structure with random frequency mapped into the RF-chains to achieve SPWT. Then, a hybrid SPWT scheme based on maximizing signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) and artificial-noise-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (ANLNR) (M-SLNR-ANLNR) is proposed. Compared to the FDB scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the circuit budget with low computational complexity and comparable secrecy performance.
This paper develops an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) deployment scheme in the context of the directional modulation-based secure precise wireless transmissions (SPWTs) to achieve more secure and more energy efficiency transmission, where the optimal UAV position for the SPWT is derived to maximize the secrecy rate (SR) without frequency diverse array (FDA) and injecting any artificial noise (AN) signaling. To be specific, the proposed scheme reveals that the optimal position of UAV for maximizing the SR performance has to be placed at the null space of Eves channel, which impels the received energy of the confidential message at the unintended receiver deteriorating to zero, whilst benefits the one at the intended receiver by achieving its maximum value. Moreover, the highly cost FDA structure is eliminated and transmit power is all allocated for transmitting a useful message which shows its energy efficiency. Finally, simulation results verify the optimality of our proposed scheme in terms of the achievable SR performance.
This paper exploits the mobility of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to improve the physical layer (PLS) security against potential eavesdropping scenarios, where the sensitive data transmitted from a ground base station (GBS) to multiple information receivers (IRs) is easily eavesdropped by multiple non-colluding eavesdroppers (Eves). Specifically, the UAV is employed as a friendly jammer to transmit artificial noise to degrade the wiretap channels. By leveraging the UAV's mobility and the possibility of establishing line-of-sight links, the UAV can move close to the Eves and opportunistically jam them. Especially, two practical factors, namely, the imperfect location information of Eves and the existence of no-fly zones are considered. Since only the partial position information of the Eves can be known, as the worst case, the minimum average secrecy rate of IRs is robustly optimized by jointly designing the trajectory and jamming power of the UAV, and the transmission power of the GBS to ensure the security of all IRs. However, the formulated problem with coupled variables is non-convex and intractable. As such, an efficient alternative iterative suboptimal algorithm is proposed to solve this problem by applying the block coordinate descent, successive convex approximation, slack variables, andS\mathcal {S}S-Procedure. Numerical results reveal that the proposed robust algorithm can substantially improve the max-min average secrecy rate, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is further verified by comparing it with three benchmark schemes.
In this paper, we study secure cooperative transmission for the multiple-input-single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) systems, where a source (Alice) aims to send confidential messages to a legitimate user (Bob) with the aid of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled friendly jammer (Charlie) in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). To further guarantee the secrecy performance, artificial noise (AN) beamforming together with cooperative Jamming (CJ) has been utilized in this considered system with only location and statistical channel state information of the Eves. Specifically, taking imperfect channel state information (CSI) between Charlie and Bob into account, we derive the exact closed-form expression of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and develop an efficient scheme to solve the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem which has been verified as a convex one under certain SOP. Moreover, we propose an optimal UAV placement strategy to further enhance secrecy performance. The numerical results are provided to validate that the system security would seriously degenerate with channel uncertainty. Besides, the proposed scheme is verified to outperform the terrestrial CJ scheme in improving the secrecy rate and secure energy efficiency (EE) performance under perfect CSI or tolerable channel estimation errors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed UAV placement strategy in enhancing transmission security and the applicability of the proposed scheme has also been demonstrated.