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arXiv:1903.12498

Quantum Simulation of the Fermion-Boson Composite Quasi-Particles with a Driven Qubit-Magnon Hybrid Quantum System

Yi-Pu Wang, Zhang, Guo-Qiang, Da Xu, Tie Fu Li, Zhu, Shi-Yao, J. S. Tsai, J. Q. You

Published Mar 29, 2019• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between the ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and the drive-field-induced dressed states of a superconducting qubit, which gives rise to the double dressing of the superconducting qubit. The YIG sphere and the superconducting qubit are embedded in a microwave cavity and the effective coupling between them is mediated by the virtual cavity photons. The theoretical results fit the experimental observations well in a wide region of the drive-field power resonantly applied to the superconducting qubit and reveal that the driven qubit-magnon hybrid quantum system can be harnessed to emulate a particle-hole-symmetric pair coupled to a bosonic mode. This hybrid quantum system offers a novel platform for quantum simulation of the composite quasi-particles consisting of fermions and bosons.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1903.12498

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We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between the ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and the drive-field-induced dressed states of a superconducting qubit, which gives rise to the double dressing of the superconducting qubit. The YIG sphere and the superconducting qubit are embedded in a microwave cavity and the effective coupling between them is mediated by the virtual cavity photons. The theoretical results fit the experimental observations well in a wide region of the drive-field power resonantly applied to the superconducting qubit and reveal that the driven qubit-magnon hybrid quantum system can be harnessed to emulate a particle-hole-symmetric pair coupled to a bosonic mode. This hybrid quantum system offers a novel platform for quantum simulation of the composite quasi-particles consisting of fermions and bosons.
We study the generation of a magnon blockade in a single-crystalline yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator that interacts with a superconducting qubit. Based on the indirect coupling between the Kittel mode of YIG and the superconducting qubit mediated by the virtual photon excitation in the microwave cavity, we propose two different mechanisms for observing the magnon blockade effect in the ferromagnetic sphere. The first one is to use the strong anharmonicity of the dressed states of the coupled qubit-magnon system. However, the strong magnon antibunching can only be achieved under the strong-coupling regime. To relax this constraint, we propose another quantum interference method to produce and enhance the magnon blockade effect with the moderate-coupling strength. By optimizing the relative phase and the strength ratio of the external driving fields applied to the YIG and qubit, we show that the much stronger magnon antibunching with significantly increased steady-state mean magnon numbers can be realized by the destructive interference for the two-magnon excitation.
We propose an alternative scheme for implementing the antibunching effects of two-magnon bundle in a hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system, where a magnon mode from the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere interacts with a three-level superconducting qubit via photon virtual excitation in the microwave cavity. With the help of the qubit driving from the ground state to the excited state, the cascaded emission of magnon occurs and then the two-magnon bundle is formed. By analyzing the ordinary and generalized second-order correlation functions, it is found that the antibunched two-magnon bundle could be achieved via properly choosing the system parameters, which is originated from the anharmonicity of dressed energy levels induced by magnon-qubit couplings. The distinct feature is that high-proportion n-magnon emission could be obtained via relaxing the restriction on the strong qubit driving and magnon-qubit coupling, which may provide a feasible method to realize the high-quality multimagnon source for quantum metrology and quantum information processing.
The implementation of quantum network made up of multiple nodes and channels needs to take advantage of hybrid quantum systems. So far, in the hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor quantum system, the establishment of the remote effective interactions based on the virtual photons exchange mediated by the microwave cavity mode has been experimentally confirmed, providing a physical basis for the implementation of the remote signal transfer from one node to another. In this work, we put forward a magnon-based hybrid quantum system consisting of two macroscopic spin subsystems [i.e., millimeter-diameter ferromagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres] and one transmon-type superconducting qubit, and show that the mechanism of the cavity-mediated remote magnon-mode intertalk is feasible for achieving microwave signal transfer, simultaneously accompanied by a transition from Poissonian to sub-Poissonian statistics. We find that by tuning the typical system parameters properly, even if there is a mismatch in magnon-mode frequencies or dissipation rates between the two YIG spheres, the microwave information transfer from one YIG sphere to another is still robust, where the signal output through another YIG sphere exhibits pronounced antibunching. In addition, the proposed hybrid quantum system possesses a robustness window against the dissipation rates of both the qubit and the two Kittel modes. The analytical calculations and numerical simulations are conducted under experimentally accessible conditions, and the consistency of the results attained by these two methods makes our research more credible. Physically, we notice that two conversion channels are opened. One channel comes from the linear coupling. The other is based on the nonlinear interaction, which also is the underlying mechanism responsible for nonclassical sub-Poissonian signal output.
Abstract Hybridizing collective spin excitations and a cavity with high cooperativity provides a new research subject in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics and can also have potential applications to quantum information. Here we report an experimental study of cavity quantum electrodynamics with ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere at both cryogenic and room temperatures. We observe for the first time a strong coupling of the same cavity mode to both a ferromagnetic-resonance (FMR) mode and a magnetostatic (MS) mode near FMR in the quantum limit. This is achieved at a temperature ~22 mK, where the average microwave photon number in the cavity is less than one. At room temperature, we also observe strong coupling of the cavity mode to the FMR mode in the same YIG sphere and find a slight increase of the damping rate of the FMR mode. These observations reveal the extraordinary robustness of the FMR mode against temperature. However, the MS mode becomes unobservable at room temperature in the measured transmission spectrum of the microwave cavity containing the YIG sphere. Our numerical simulations show that this is due to a drastic increase of the damping rate of the MS mode.
The cavity-mediated coupling between magnons in an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and a superconducting qubit has recently been demonstrated as a new platform for preparing macroscopic quantum states. Here, based on this system, we propose to entangle two magnon modes in two YIG spheres by driving the qubit with a two-tone field and by appropriately choosing the frequencies and strengths of the two driving fields. We show that strong entanglement can be achieved with fully feasible parameters. We further provide a detection scheme for experimentally verifying the entanglement. Our results indicate that macroscopic entanglement between two magnon modes in two millimeter-sized YIG spheres, involving more than 101810^{18}1018 spins, can be realized using currently available parameters, which finds promising applications in fundamental studies, such as macroscopic quantum mechanics and the test of unconventional decoherence theories.
We present protocols to generate quantum entanglement on nonlocal magnons in hybrid systems composed of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres, microwave cavities and a superconducting (SC) qubit. In the schemes, the YIGs are coupled to respective microwave cavities in resonant way, and the SC qubit is placed at the center of the cavities, which interacts with the cavities simultaneously. By exchanging the virtual photon, the cavities can indirectly interact in the far-detuning regime. Detailed protocols are presented to establish entanglement for two, three and arbitrary N magnons with reasonable fidelities.