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arXiv:2301.05820 · Frontiers of Physics

Quantum entanglement generation on magnons assisted with microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting qubit

Jiuming Li, Shao-Ming Fei

Published Feb 13, 2023• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present protocols to generate quantum entanglement on nonlocal magnons in hybrid systems composed of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres, microwave cavities and a superconducting (SC) qubit. In the schemes, the YIGs are coupled to respective microwave cavities in resonant way, and the SC qubit is placed at the center of the cavities, which interacts with the cavities simultaneously. By exchanging the virtual photon, the cavities can indirectly interact in the far-detuning regime. Detailed protocols are presented to establish entanglement for two, three and arbitrary N magnons with reasonable fidelities.

DOI
10.1007/s11467-022-1253-3

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We present protocols to generate quantum entanglement on nonlocal magnons in hybrid systems composed of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres, microwave cavities and a superconducting (SC) qubit. In the schemes, the YIGs are coupled to respective microwave cavities in resonant way, and the SC qubit is placed at the center of the cavities, which interacts with the cavities simultaneously. By exchanging the virtual photon, the cavities can indirectly interact in the far-detuning regime. Detailed protocols are presented to establish entanglement for two, three and arbitrary N magnons with reasonable fidelities.
We present a scheme to generate distant bipartite and tripartite entanglement between an atomic ensemble and an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere in coupled microwave cavities. We consider an atomic ensemble in a single-mode microwave cavity which is coupled with a second single-mode cavity having a YIG sphere. Our system, therefore, has five excitation modes, namely, cavity-1 photons, an atomic ensemble, cavity-2 photons, a magnon and a phonon mode in the YIG sphere. We show that significant bipartite entanglement exists between indirectly coupled subsystems in the cavities which is robust against temperature. Moreover, we present suitable parameters for a significant tripartite entanglement of the ensemble, magnon, and phonon modes. We also demonstrate the existence of tripartite entanglement between the magnon and phonon modes of the YIG sphere with indirectly coupled cavity photons. Interestingly, this distant tripartite entanglement is of the same order as that previously found for a single-cavity system. We show that cavity-cavity coupling strength affects both the degree and transfer of quantum entanglement between various subsystems. Therefore, an appropriate cavity-cavity coupling optimizes the distant entanglement by increasing the entanglement strength and its robustness against temperature.
Abstract It is shown how to generate stationary entanglement between light and microwave in a hybrid opto‐electro‐magnonical system which mainly consists of a microwave cavity, a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, and a nanofiber. The optical modes in nanofiber can evanescently be coupled to whispering gallery modes, that are able to interact with magnon mode via spin–orbit interaction, in YIG sphere, while the microwave cavity photons and magnons are coupled through magnetic dipole interaction simultaneously. Under reasonable parameter regimes, pretty amount of entanglement can be generated, and it also shows persistence against temperature. The present work is expected to provide a new perspective for building more advanced and comprehensive quantum networks along with magnons for fast‐developing quantum technologies and for studying the macroscopic quantum phenomena.
We investigate dynamical generation of macroscopic nonlocal entanglements between two remote massive magnon-superconducting-circuit hybrid systems. Two fiber-coupled microwave cavities are employed to serve as an interaction channel connecting two sets of macroscopic hybrid units, each containing a magnon (hosted by an yttrium-iron-garnet sphere) and a superconducting-circuit qubit. Surprisingly, it is found that stronger coupling does not necessarily mean faster entanglement generation. The proposed hybrid system allows the existence of an optimal fiber coupling strength that requires the shortest amount of time to generate a systematic maximal entanglement. Our theoretical results are shown to be within the scope of specific parameters that can be achieved with current technology. The noise effects on the implementation of systems are also treated in a general environment, suggesting the robustness of entanglement generation. Our discrete-variable qubit-like entanglement theory of magnons may lead to direct applications in various quantum information tasks.
In this work, we study the phenomena of quantum-interference-assisted magnon blockade and magnon antibunching in a weakly interacting hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system. The magnon excitations in two yttrium iron garnet spheres are indirectly coupled to a superconducting qubit through microwave cavity modes of two mutually perpendicular cavities. We find that when one of the magnon modes is driven by a weak microwave field, the destructive interference between more than two distinct transition pathways restricts the simultaneous excitation of two magnons. We analyze the magnon correlations in the driven magnon mode for the case of zero detunings as well as finite detunings of the magnon modes and the qubit. We show that the magnon antibunching can be tuned by changing the magnon-qubit coupling strength ratio and the driving detuning. Our work proposes a possible scheme that has a significant role in the construction of single magnon generating devices.
We present a proposal to produce bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid magnon cavity QED system. Two macroscopic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres are coupled to a single-mode microwave cavity, where the cavity photons are generated via a two-photon process induced by a strong pump field. Using mean-field theory, we show that nonlinear pumping can result in strong bipartite entanglement between the cavity photon and magnon under two conditions, i.e., ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{c}{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{m}=2{g}^{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{c}=\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{m}$. For the latter one, we also show the possibility for producing bipartite entanglement between two magnon modes as well as tripartite entanglement among three modes. Combining these two conditions, we further derive a third condition, i.e., ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{m}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\phi}}^{2}+2{g}^{2}=0$, where tripartite entanglement can be achieved when two magnon modes have different resonant frequencies.
The cavity-magnon-qubit system has recently been demonstrated as a new platform for preparing macroscopic quantum states in magnonic systems. Here, we propose to prepare a two-mode magnonic cat state, which is also a non-Gaussian entangled state, based on this practical system involving two yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres and a superconducting qubit coupled to a common microwave cavity. By adiabatically eliminating the cavity and resonantly driving the qubit, an effective magnon-qubit conditional-displacement interaction is achieved. Further working in the magnon-magnon strong-coupling regime and considering two identical magnon frequencies and coupling strengths to the cavity, two hybridized magnon modes are formed, of which the bright mode is prepared in a cat state after a projective measurement on the qubit, while the dark mode remains in its initial vacuum state. Such a state corresponds to a two-mode cat state of two original magnon modes, which share strong non-Gaussian entanglement. We also discuss practical dissipation and dephasing effects on the cat state. The results indicate that strong nonclassicality and non-Gaussian entanglement are present in the two-mode cat state using fully feasible parameters.