Abstract In the present work, we start from a minimal Hamiltonian for Fermi systems where the s-wave scattering is the only low energy constant (LEC) at play. The many-body perturbative approach that is usually valid at rather low density is first discussed. We then use the resummation technique with the ladder approximation to obtain compact expressions for both the energy and/or the on-shell self-energy in infinite spin-degenerated systems. The diagrammatic resummation technique has the advantage in general to be predictive in a region of density larger compared to many-body perturbation theory. It also leads to a non-diverging limit as ∣ a s ∣ → + ∞ . Still, the obtained expressions are a rather complex function of the Fermi momentum k F . We introduce the full phase-space or the partial phase-space approximations respectively applied to the energy or to the self-energy to simplify their dependences in terms of ( a s k F ) while keeping the correct limit at low density and the non-diverging property at large ∣ a s k F ∣ . Quasi-particle properties of the Fermi system in various regimes of density and scattering length are then illustrated. Our conclusion is that such simplified expressions where the direct link is made with the LEC without fine-tuning can provide a clear guidance to obtain density functional theory (DFT) beyond the perturbative regime. However, quasi-particle properties close or near unitarity cannot be reproduced unless this limit is explicitly used as a constraint. We finally discuss how such approximate treatment of quasi-particles can guide the development of DFT for strongly interacting Fermi systems.
Abstract In the present work, we start from a minimal Hamiltonian for Fermi systems where the s-wave scattering is the only low energy constant (LEC) at play. The many-body perturbative approach that is usually valid at rather low density is first discussed. We then use the resummation technique with the ladder approximation to obtain compact expressions for both the energy and/or the on-shell self-energy in infinite spin-degenerated systems. The diagrammatic resummation technique has the advantage in general to be predictive in a region of density larger compared to many-body perturbation theory. It also leads to a non-diverging limit as ∣ a s ∣ → + ∞ . Still, the obtained expressions are a rather complex function of the Fermi momentum k F . We introduce the full phase-space or the partial phase-space approximations respectively applied to the energy or to the self-energy to simplify their dependences in terms of ( a s k F ) while keeping the correct limit at low density and the non-diverging property at large ∣ a s k F ∣ . Quasi-particle properties of the Fermi system in various regimes of density and scattering length are then illustrated. Our conclusion is that such simplified expressions where the direct link is made with the LEC without fine-tuning can provide a clear guidance to obtain density functional theory (DFT) beyond the perturbative regime. However, quasi-particle properties close or near unitarity cannot be reproduced unless this limit is explicitly used as a constraint. We finally discuss how such approximate treatment of quasi-particles can guide the development of DFT for strongly interacting Fermi systems.
We further progress along the line of Ref. [D. Lacroix, Phys. Rev. A 94, 043614 (2016)] where a functional for Fermi systems with anomalously large s-wave scattering length as was proposed that has no free parameters. The functional is designed to correctly reproduce the unitary limit in Fermi gases together with the leading-order contributions in the s- and p-wave channels at low density. The functional is shown to be predictive up to densities $\ensuremath{\sim}0.01 {\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ that is much higher densities compared to the Lee-Yang functional, valid for $\ensuremath{\rho}<{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6} {\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The form of the functional retained in this work is further motivated. It is shown that the new functional corresponds to an expansion of the energy in (askF) and (rekF) to all orders, where re is the effective range and kF is the Fermi momentum. One conclusion from the present work is that, except in the extremely low-density regime, nuclear systems can be treated perturbatively in $\ensuremath{-}{({a}_{s}{k}_{F})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ with respect to the unitary limit. Starting from the functional, we introduce density-dependent scales and show that scales associated with the bare interaction are strongly renormalized by medium effects. As a consequence, some of the scales at play around saturation are dominated by the unitary gas properties and not directly by low-energy constants. For instance, we show that the scale in the s-wave channel around saturation is proportional to the so-called Bertsch parameter ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ and becomes independent of as. We also point out that these scales are of the same order of magnitude than those empirically obtained in the Skyrme energy density functional. We finally propose a slight modification of the functional such that it becomes accurate up to the saturation density $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.16 {\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
Dilute Fermi systems with large s-wave scattering length a_s exhibit universal properties if the interparticle spacing r_o greatly exceeds the range of the underlying two-body interaction potential. In this regime, r_o is the only relevant length scale and observables such as the energy per particle depend only on r_o (or, equivalently, the energy E_{FG} of the free Fermi gas). This paper investigates Bose and Fermi systems with non-vanishing angular momentum l using the lowest order constrained variational method. We focus on the regime where the generalized scattering length becomes large and determine the relevant length scales. For Bose gases with large generalized scattering lengths, we obtain simple expressions for the energy per particle in terms of a l-dependent length scale ξ_l, which depends on the range of the underlying two-body potential and the average interparticle spacing. We discuss possible implications for dilute two-component Fermi systems with finite l. Furthermore, we determine the equation of state of liquid and gaseous bosonic helium.
The individual particle theory of many body systems was studied starting from a microscopic point of view. A technique which is equivalent to a generalized thermodynamics was used to show that, under the appropriate conditions of temperature and external field, the quasi-particle approach is correct for three very dissimilar systemsi the normal degenerate Fermi system, the metallic electron-phonon system, and the polaron. The fact that an approach like this works for such dissimilar systems emphasizes the underlying unity of the quasi-particle models. The concept that the real t~me non-equilibrium self-energy and the incoherent part of the density-density correlation function may be generated as functional derivatives of a generalized thermodynamic potential (~), together with local translational and rotational invariance and Galilean relativity, leads to a transformation from the microscopic particle density variables g«p,m,R,T) to those of the quasi-particle theory n (R,T). ~ - p- It was shown that, for zero temperature, such a ~ derivability is exact; at low temperature and for slowly varying fields, this ~ derivability is approximately true. This was shown by a procedure which is eqUivalent to an expansion in terms of the real scattering probability for quasiparticles. At low temperature and for slowly varying fields, such real scattering is very improbable and the expansion parameter is small. Perturbation theory was used only to determine the actual size of terms which, on physical grounds are necessarily small. As such, this approach is non-perturbative, depending only on properties of the exact selfenergies and correlation functions. In addition to demonstrating that the quasi-particle models are correct, information on the regions of validity for ~hese models is obtained. .As by-products of these derivations, microscopic expressions for the parameters of the quasi-particle theory and simple microscopic expressions for the currents in degenerate Fermi systems and the electron-phonon system are obtained.
We consider a two-component Fermi gas with a contact interaction from the BCS regime to the unitary limit. Starting from the idea that many-body effects should not depend on short-distance or high-momentum physics which is encoded in the s-wave scattering length, but only on momentum scales of the order of the Fermi momentum, we build effective low-momentum interactions that reproduce the scattering phase shifts of the contact interaction below some momentum cutoff. Inspired by recent successes of this method in nuclear structure theory, we use these interactions to describe the equation of state of the Fermi gas in the framework of Hartree-Fock-Bogliubov theory with perturbative corrections. In the BCS regime, there is a range of cutoffs where we obtain fully converged results. Near unitarity, convergence is not yet reached, but we obtain promising results for the ground-state energies close to the experimental ones. Limitations and possible extensions of the approach are discussed.
Dilute Fermi systems with large s-wave scattering length as exhibit universal properties if the interparticle spacing r0 greatly exceeds the range of the underlying two-body interaction potential. In this regime, r0 is the only relevant length scale and observables such as the energy per particle depend only on r0 (or, equivalently, the energy EFG of the free Fermi gas). This paper investigates Bose and Fermi systems with nonvanishing angular momentum l using the lowest order constrained variational method. We focus on the regime where the generalized scattering length becomes large and determine the relevant length scales. For Bose gases with large generalized scattering lengths, we obtain simple expressions for the energy per particle in terms of an l-dependent length scale ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{l}$, which depends on the range of the underlying two-body potential and the average interparticle spacing. We discuss possible implications for dilute two-component Fermi systems with finite l. Furthermore, we determine the equation of state of liquid and gaseous bosonic helium.
A density-functional theory is proposed for strongly interacting fermions with arbitrary large negative scattering length. The functional has only two parameters that are directly fixed to reproduce the universal properties of unitary gas: the so-called Bertsch parameter ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ and a parameter ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{e}$ related to the possible influence of the effective range re at infinite scattering length a. Using most recent quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) estimates of these two parameters, it is shown that the functional properly reproduces the experimental measurements of interacting Fermi systems not only at unitarity but also away from this limit over a wide range of ${(a{k}_{F})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ values. The functional is applied to obtain an expression of Tan's contact parameter including the effect of re. Application is finally made to neutron matter. It is shown that most recent QMC results are well reproduced.