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arXiv:1901.10509 · Physical Review A

Quantum state engineering by nondeterministic noiseless linear amplification

Hamza Adnane, Matteo Bina, Francesco Albarelli, Abdelhakim Gharbi, Matteo G. A. Paris

Published Jun 18, 2019• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We address quantum state engineering of single- and two-mode states by means of nondeterministic noiseless linear amplifiers (NLAs) acting on Gaussian states. In particular, we consider the optimal implementation of a NLA proposed by Pandey et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033852 (2013)] and we show that it provides an effective scheme to generate highly non-Gaussian and nonclassical states, when used outside the regime of high-fidelity amplification. Additionally, we show that in this regime also the amplification of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state (twin-beam) highly increases entanglement.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.063823

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We address quantum state engineering of single- and two-mode states by means of nondeterministic noiseless linear amplifiers (NLAs) acting on Gaussian states. In particular, we consider the optimal implementation of a NLA proposed by Pandey et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033852 (2013)] and we show that it provides an effective scheme to generate highly non-Gaussian and nonclassical states, when used outside the regime of high-fidelity amplification. Additionally, we show that in this regime also the amplification of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state (twin-beam) highly increases entanglement.
Abstract We address the characterisation of non-deterministic noiseless linear amplifiers (NLAs) and compare the performances of different estimation strategies. In particular, we focus on estimation of the gain, whose value may result from a combination of different experimental effects, as those governing the overall efficiency of the detector or the transmissivity of the involved optical components. At first, we show that, contrary to naive expectations, post-selecting only the amplified states does not offer the most accurate estimate. We then focus on minimal implementations of a NLA, i.e. those obtained by coupling the input state to a two-level system, and show that the maximal amount of information about the gain of the NLA is obtained by measuring the whole composite system. The quantum Fisher information (QFI) of this best-case scenario is analysed in some detail, and compared to the QFI of the post-selected states, both for successful and unsuccessful amplification. Eventually, we show that full extraction of the available information is achieved when the non-deterministic process is implemented by a Lüders instrument. We also analyse the precision attainable by probing NLAs by single-mode pure states and measuring the field or the number of quanta, and discuss in some detail the specific cases of squeezed vacuum and coherent states.
We address de-Gaussification of continuous variables Gaussian states by optimal non-deterministic noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) and analyze in details the properties of the amplified states. In particular, we investigate the entanglement content and the non-Gaussian character for the class of non-Gaussian entangled state obtained by using NL-amplification of two-mode squeezed vacua (twin-beam, TWB). We show that entanglement always increases, whereas improved EPR correlations are observed only when the input TWB has low energy. We then examine a Braunstein-Kimble-like protocol for the teleportation of coherent states, and compare the performances of TWB-based teleprotation with those obtained using NL-amplified resources. We show that teleportation fidelity and security may be improved for a large range of NLA parameters (gain and threshold).
We address de-Gaussification of continuous variables Gaussian states by optimal non-deterministic noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) and analyze in details the properties of the amplified states. In particular, we investigate the entanglement content and the non-Gaussian character for the class of non-Gaussian entangled state obtained by using NL-amplification of two-mode squeezed vacua (twin-beam, TWB). We show that entanglement always increases, whereas improved EPR correlations are observed only when the input TWB has low energy. We then examine a Braunstein-Kimble-like protocol for the teleportation of coherent states, and compare the performances of TWB-based teleprotation with those obtained using NL-amplified resources. We show that teleportation fidelity and security may be improved for a large range of NLA parameters (gain and threshold).
The entanglement structure between different frequency components within broadband quantum light pulses, forged at entanglement creation, represents a promising route to the practical delivery of many multipartite quantum information applications. However, the scalability of such applications is largely limited by the entanglement decoherence caused by photon loss. One promising method to combat such losses is noiseless linear amplification. However, while there have been various procedures that implement noiseless linear amplification on single-mode states, no realization has thus far been proposed for noiseless linear amplification on quantum states carrying a multimode structure. In this work we close this gap, proposing a noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) with photon catalysis (PC), namely, the PC-NLA. Constructing a multimode version of an existing NLA that uses quantum scissors (QS), the QS-NLA, we then show how the PC-NLA is compatible with the QS-NLA, even though the former uses half the physical resources of the latter. We then apply our multimode NLA frameworks to the problem of continuous-variable (CV) entanglement distillation, determining how the multimode structure of the entanglement impacts the performance of the NLAs. Different from single-mode NLA analyses, we find that a multimode NLA is only effective as a CV entanglement distillation strategy when the channel loss is beyond some threshold---a threshold largely dependent on the multimode structure. The results provided here will be valuable for real-world implementations of multipartite quantum information applications that utilize complex entanglement structure within broadband light pulses.
Quantum illumination, that is, quantum target detection, is to detect the potential target with two-mode quantum entangled state. For a given transmitted energy, the quantum illumination can achieve a target-detection probability of error much lower than the illumination scheme without entanglement. We investigate the usefulness of noiseless linear amplification (NLA) for quantum illumination. Our result shows that NLA can help to substantially reduce the number of quantum entangled states collected for joint measurement of multi-copy quantum state. Our analysis on the NLA-assisted scheme could help to develop more efficient schemes for quantum illumination.
Abstract Quantum target detection aims to utilise quantum technologies to achieve performances in target detection not possible through purely classical means. Quantum illumination is an example of this, based on signal–idler entanglement, promising a potential 6 dB advantage in error exponent over its optimal classical counterpart. So far, receiver designs achieving this optimal reception remain elusive with many proposals based on Gaussian processes appearing unable to utilise quantum information contained within Gaussian state sources. This paper considers the employment of a noiseless linear amplifier at the detection stage of a quantum illumination-based quantum target detection protocol. Such a non-Gaussian amplifier offers a means of probabilistically amplifying an incoming signal without the addition of noise. Considering symmetric hypothesis testing, the quantum Chernoff bound is derived and limits on detection error probability is analysed for both the two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the coherent state classical benchmark. Our findings show that in such a scheme the potential quantum advantage is amplified even in regimes where quantum illumination alone offers no advantage, thereby extending its potential use. The same cannot be said for coherent states, whose performances are generally bounded by that without amplification.