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arXiv:1812.08423 · Optics Letters

Stimulated emission tomography: beyond polarization

Mario Arnolfo Ciampini, Andrea Geraldi, Valeria Cimini, Chiara Macchiavello, J. E. Sipe, Marco Liscidini, Paolo Mataloni

Published Dec 18, 2018• 16 citations
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Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate the use of stimulated emission tomography to characterize a hyperentangled state generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion in a cw-pumped source. In particular, we consider the generation of hyperentangled states consisting of photon pairs entangled in polarization and path. These results extend the capability of stimulated emission tomography beyond the polarization degree of freedom and demonstrate the use of this technique to study states in higher dimension Hilbert spaces.

DOI
10.1364/ol.44.000041

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In this work, we demonstrate the use of stimulated emission tomography to characterize a hyperentangled state generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion in a cw-pumped source. In particular, we consider the generation of hyperentangled states consisting of photon pairs entangled in polarization and path. These results extend the capability of stimulated emission tomography beyond the polarization degree of freedom and demonstrate the use of this technique to study states in higher dimension Hilbert spaces.
Using stimulated emission tomography, we characterize an entangled photon-pair source in the energy and polarization degrees of freedom, with a precision far exceeding what could be obtained by quantum state tomography. Through this multidimensional tomography we find that energy-polarization correlations are a cause of polarization-entanglement degradation, demonstrating that this technique provides useful information for source engineering and can accelerate the development of quantum information processing systems dependent on many degrees of freedom.
Entangled-photon pairs are essential for many applications in quantum computation and communication, and quantum state tomography (QST) is the universal tool to characterize such entangled-photon sources. In QST, very low-power signals must be measured with single-photon detectors and coincidence logic. Here, we experimentally implement a new protocol, “stimulated-emission tomography” (SET), allowing us to obtain the information provided by QST when the photon pairs are generated by parametric fluorescence. This approach exploits a stimulated process that results in a signal several orders of magnitude larger than in QST. In particular, we characterize the polarization state of photons that would be generated in spontaneous parametric downconversion using SET. We find that SET accurately predicts the purity and concurrence of the spontaneously generated photons in agreement with the results of QST. We expect that SET will be extremely useful to characterize entanglement sources based on parametric fluorescence, providing a fast and efficient technique to potentially replace or supplement QST.
Entangled-photon pairs are essential for many applications in quantum computation and communication, and quantum state tomography (QST) is the universal tool to characterize such entangled-photon sources. In QST, very low-power signals must be measured with single-photon detectors and coincidence logic. Here, we experimentally implement a new protocol, “stimulated-emission tomography” (SET), allowing us to obtain the information provided by QST when the photon pairs are generated by parametric fluorescence. This approach exploits a stimulated process that results in a signal several orders of magnitude larger than in QST. In particular, we characterize the polarization state of photons that would be generated in spontaneous parametric downconversion using SET. We find that SET accurately predicts the purity and concurrence of the spontaneously generated photons in agreement with the results of QST. We expect that SET will be extremely useful to characterize entanglement sources based on parametric fluorescence, providing a fast and efficient technique to potentially replace or supplement QST.
We perform a multidimensional characterization of a polarization-entangled photon-pair source using stimulated emission tomography (SET). We measure the frequency-resolved polarization density matrix, which is composed of thousands of individual polarization density matrices, each corresponding to a different frequency pair. The measurement exhibits detailed information about correlations that would be difficult to observe using traditional quantum state tomography. This demonstration exhibits the power of SET to characterize a source of quantum states with multi-dimensional correlations and hyper-entanglement. The SET technique can be applied to a variety of photon-pair-based sources for the optimization and engineering of quantum states.
We experimentally demonstrate the first quantum system entangled in every degree of freedom (hyperentangled). Using pairs of photons produced in spontaneous parametric down-conversion, we verify entanglement by observing a Bell-type inequality violation in each degree of freedom: polarization, spatial mode, and time energy. We also produce and characterize maximally hyperentangled states and novel states simultaneously exhibiting both quantum and classical correlations. Finally, we report the tomography of a 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 system (36-dimensional Hilbert space), which we believe is the first reported photonic entangled system of this size to be so characterized.