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arXiv:1812.06830 · Physical Review Letters

Single-Species Atomic Comagnetometer Based on Rb 87 Atoms

Zhiguo Wang, Xiang Peng, Rui Zhang, Hui Luo, Jiajia Li, Zhiqiang Xiong, Shan‐Shan Wang, Hong Mei Guo

Published May 13, 2020• 53 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The comagnetometer has been one of the most sensitive devices with which to test new physics related to spin-dependent interactions, but the comagnetometers based on overlapping ensembles of multiple spin species usually suffer from systematic errors due to magnetic field gradients. Here, we propose a comagnetometer based on the Zeeman transitions of the dual hyperfine levels in ground-state ^{87}Rb atoms, which shows nearly negligible sensitivity to variations of laser power and frequency, magnetic field, and magnetic field gradients. We measured the hypothetical spin-dependent gravitational energy of the proton with the comagnetometer, which is smaller than 4×10^{-18} eV, comparable to the most stringent existing constraint. Through optimizing the system parameters such as cell temperature, laser power, amplitude of driving magnetic field, as well as choosing better current source, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the comagnetometer further.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.124.193002

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The comagnetometer has been one of the most sensitive devices with which to test new physics related to spin-dependent interactions, but the comagnetometers based on overlapping ensembles of multiple spin species usually suffer from systematic errors due to magnetic field gradients. Here, we propose a comagnetometer based on the Zeeman transitions of the dual hyperfine levels in ground-state ^{87}Rb atoms, which shows nearly negligible sensitivity to variations of laser power and frequency, magnetic field, and magnetic field gradients. We measured the hypothetical spin-dependent gravitational energy of the proton with the comagnetometer, which is smaller than 4×10^{-18} eV, comparable to the most stringent existing constraint. Through optimizing the system parameters such as cell temperature, laser power, amplitude of driving magnetic field, as well as choosing better current source, it is possible to improve the sensitivity of the comagnetometer further.
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The atomic comagnetometer is capable of reducing the effect of magnetic-field variations through comparing the synchronous measurement results from at least two magnetometers. A new configuration of comagnetometer is based on an ensemble of identical atoms or molecules, and possesses the ability to suppress the magnetic-field-gradient-induced systematic effect. We present a comprehensive analysis on the systematic effects of a single-species cesium atomic comagnetometer. Experimental results reveal that the dominant systematic effect arises from the light shift. We propose a method to suppress the light-shift-induced systematic effect, combined with quantitative investigations on other sources of systematic effects. The optimized system is able to search for the hypothetical spin-dependent gravitational energy of a proton at a level of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ eV.
Abstract Ultra-sensitive comagnetometers, which are designed to detect nuclear- and electron-spin-dependent interaction, have important applications ranging from basic research to inertial navigation systems (INSs). Unfortunately, electric heating, which is typically used in comagnetometers, introduces noise and instability because of the unavoidable generation of a modulated magnetic field. In this study, we investigate and introduce a K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer that uses laser heating for the first time, when operated in the spin exchange relaxation free regime. The performance of the comagnetometer, which is equipped with both laser heating and electric heating, is investigated, and the two heating modes are compared. The temperature characteristics of the comagnetometer are studied theoretically and experimentally. By optimizing the operating temperature and power density of the pump-light, an equivalent rotation sensitivity of 2.5 × 10 − 7 rad−1 s−1 Hz 1 / 2 @1 Hz is achieved in laser heating mode. The improvement of laser-heating technology could prove essential to reduce electron relaxation and increase the low-frequency sensitivity of comagnetometers. Our results indicate that laser heating can make comagnetometers more suitable for applications in basic research (fifth forces, dark matter, etc), INSs, and other accurate measurements of electronic and nuclear precession.
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