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arXiv:1811.09423 · Physical Review Research

Binary homodyne detection for observing quadrature squeezing in satellite links

Christian R. Müller, Kaushik Parasuram Seshadreesan, Christian Peuntinger, Christoph Marquardt

Published Sep 30, 2020• 0 citations
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Abstract

The authors show that efficient detection of quantum squeezing in a field quadrature of an optical mode is possible using homodyne detection of just one-bit resolution, as is available on optical satellites already in orbit.
DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033523

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Quantum squeezing is the nonlinear quantum mechanical effect by which the Heisenberg uncertainty in one observable can be reduced below the shot noise level at the expense of increased uncertainty in its conjugate observable. We study the detection of optical quadrature squeezing via homodyne detection in satellite links. The propagation of the quantum states over large distances and through a varying gravitational potential offers the possibility to test the fundamental laws of physics at the interface of quantum mechanics and general relativity. We model the task as a binary hypothesis testing problem where the null hypothesis corresponds to the vacuum state and the alternative hypothesis corresponds to the squeezed state. Using the Chernoff bound, we derive the number of individual measurements required to limit the average error probabilities to a given value.
Homodyne detection is a typical continuous-variable measurement scheme, ubiquitously used in quantum optics and quantum information. A conventional homodyne detector performs a projective measurement onto a quadrature of the electromagnetic field mode, thus yielding a continuously distributed measurement outcome. The outcome distribution is the marginal of the Wigner function of the state. Homodyne detection also forms the basis of heterodyne, or “dual homodyne” detection, which corresponds to measuring the Q function of the state.
We experimentally study a homodyne detection technique for the characterization of a quadrature squeezed field where the correlated bands, here created by four-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor, are separated by a large frequency gap of more than 6 GHz. The technique uses a two-frequency local oscillator to detect the fluctuations of the correlated bands at a frequency accessible to the detection electronics. Working at low detection frequency, the method allows for the determination of both the amplitude and the phase of the squeezing spectrum. In particular, we show that the quadrature squeezing created by our four-wave mixing process displays a noise ellipse rotation of π/2 across the squeezing spectrum.