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arXiv:1811.03576 · OSA Continuum

Interplay between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), absorption (EIA), and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in an N-type atomic system: experiment and theory

Bankim Chandra Das, Arpita Das, Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Shrabana Chakrabarti, Sankar De

Published Mar 13, 2019• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this article we have shown that the atomic states can be engineered by tunning the coupling Rabi frequency for a system with $\mathcal{N}$-type configuration. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting has been observed experimentally in a four level $\mathcal{N}$-type atomic vapor of $^{85}Rb$ atoms in the hyperfine levels of $D_2$ transition. It has been shown that the response of the atomic medium can be tunned from highly transparent to highly absorptive in our case. The evolution of the atomic states from the dark state |D> to the non-coupled state |NC> has been studied with the partial dressed state approach which makes the backbone of the modification of the atomic response. In addition, transient solutions in the time domain and steady state solution in the frequency domain has been studied. The population dynamics and the coherence contribution in each case has been analyzed by the time dependent solutions. The experimentally observed steady line-shape profiles has been supported by the steady state solution of optical-Bloch equations considering the Maxwell Boltzmann velocity distributions of the atoms. It has been observed that the crossover between the EIT and the AT splitting has been replaced by the interference contribution of the EIA in this $\mathcal{N}$-type system.

DOI
10.1364/osac.2.000994

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Physical Review A•Nov 1, 2005•55 citations
In this article we have shown that the atomic states can be engineered by tunning the coupling Rabi frequency for a system with N\mathcal{N}N-type configuration. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting has been observed experimentally in a four level N\mathcal{N}N-type atomic vapor of 85Rb^{85}Rb85Rb atoms in the hyperfine levels of D2D_2D2​ transition. It has been shown that the response of the atomic medium can be tunned from highly transparent to highly absorptive in our case. The evolution of the atomic states from the dark state |D> to the non-coupled state |NC> has been studied with the partial dressed state approach which makes the backbone of the modification of the atomic response. In addition, transient solutions in the time domain and steady state solution in the frequency domain has been studied. The population dynamics and the coherence contribution in each case has been analyzed by the time dependent solutions. The experimentally observed steady line-shape profiles has been supported by the steady state solution of optical-Bloch equations considering the Maxwell Boltzmann velocity distributions of the atoms. It has been observed that the crossover between the EIT and the AT splitting has been replaced by the interference contribution of the EIA in this N\mathcal{N}N-type system.
Abstract Discerning electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) is a significant issue in quantum optics and has attracted wide attention in various three-level configurations. Here we present a detailed study of EIT and ATS in a five-level atomic system considered to be composed of a four-level Y-type subsystem and a three-level Λ-type subsystem. In our theoretical calculations with standard density matrix formalism and steady-state approximation, we obtain the general analytical expression of the first-order matrix element responsible for the probe-field absorption. In light of the well-known three-level EIT and ATS criteria, we numerically show an intersection of EIT with ATS for the Y-type subsystem. Furthermore, we show that an EIT dip is sandwiched between two ATS dips (i.e., multi-dip mixture of EIT and ATS) in the absorption line for the five-level system, which can be explained by the dressed-state theory and Fano interference.
Summary form only given. If in general the transparency of an initially absorbing medium for a probe field is increased by the presence of a control field on an adjacent transition, two very different processes can be invoked to explain it. One of them is a quantum Fano interference between two paths in the three-level system, which occurs even at low control intensity and gives rise to electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), the other one is the appearance of two dressed states in the excited level at higher control intensity, corresponding to the Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). This distinction is particularly critical for instance for the implementation of slow light or optical quantum memories. In a recent paper, P. M. Anisimov, J. P. Dowling and B. C. Sanders proposed a quantitative test to objectively discerning ATS from EIT. We experimentally investigated this test with cold atoms and demonstrated that it is very sensitive to the specific properties of the medium. In this study, we use an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms trapped in a MOT, interacting with light via a Λ-type scheme on the D2 line. Absorption profiles are obtained for various values of the control Rabi frequency Ω between 0.1Γ and 4Γ, where Γ is the natural linewidth.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) are two similar yet distinct phenomena that modify the transmission of a weak probe field through an absorption medium in the presence of a coupling field, featured in a variety of three-level atomic systems. In many applications it is important to distinguish EIT from ATS splitting. We present EIT and ATS spectra in a three-level cascade system, involving cold cesium atoms in the Rydberg state. The EIT linewidth, γ EIT , defined as the full width at half maximum of the transparency window, and the ATS splitting, γ ATS , defined as the peak-to-peak distance between AT absorption peaks, are used to delineate the EIT and ATS regimes and to characterize the transition between the regimes. In the cold-atom medium, in the weak-coupler (EIT) regime γ EIT ≈ A + B ( + , where Ω c and Ω p are the coupler and probe Rabi frequencies, Γ eg is the spontaneous decay rate of the intermediate 6P 3/2 level, and parameters A and B that depend on the laser linewidth. We explore the transition into the strong-coupler (ATS) regime, which is characterized by the relation γ ATS ≈ Ω c . The experiments are in agreement with numerical solutions of the Master equation. Our analysis accounts for non-ideal conditions that exist in typical realizations of Rydberg-EIT, including laser-frequency jitter, Doppler mismatch of the utilized two-color Rydberg EIT system, and strong probe fields. The obtained criteria to distinguish cold-atom EIT from ATS are readily accessible and applicable in practical implementations.
The A-type three-level system coupled by two coherent fields is a basic model to study the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).Based on that,the cascade quasi- A-four-level configuration is formed when a radio-frequency(RF)field drives the transition between the excited state and an additional excited state level.The absorption property is studied along with the parameters of the coupling field and the RF driving field by numerically solving the relevant equations of motion of the density matrix.It is shown that under the applying of the coupling field and the RF driving field,both the Autler-Townes doublet and the EIT are observed in the absorptive spectra and it can be explained properly by the theory of dressed state.An important conclusion is that the Autler-Townes doublet originates from the atom system interaction with the strong RF field,while the EIT originates from atom system quantum interference interaction with the coupling field.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.