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arXiv:1810.03321 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Screening of pair fluctuations in superconductors with coupled shallow and deep bands: A route to higher-temperature superconductivity

Luca Salasnich, Arkady A Shanenko, Alexei Vagov, Jose Albino Aguiar, Andrea Perali

Published Aug 12, 2019• 52 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A combination of strong Cooper pairing and weak superconducting fluctuations is crucial to achieve and stabilize high-${T}_{c}$ superconductivity. We demonstrate that a coexistence of a shallow carrier band with strong pairing and a deep band with weak pairing, together with the Josephson-like pair transfer between the bands to couple the two condensates, realizes an optimal multicomponent superconductivity regime: it preserves strong pairing to generate large gaps and a very high critical temperature but screens the detrimental superconducting fluctuations, thereby suppressing the pseudogap state. Surprisingly, we find that the screening is very efficient even when the interband coupling is very small. Thus, a multiband superconductor with a coherent mixture of condensates in the BCS regime (deep band) and in the BCS-BEC crossover regime (shallow band) offers a promising route to higher critical temperatures.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.100.064510

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A combination of strong Cooper pairing and weak superconducting fluctuations is crucial to achieve and stabilize high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ superconductivity. We demonstrate that a coexistence of a shallow carrier band with strong pairing and a deep band with weak pairing, together with the Josephson-like pair transfer between the bands to couple the two condensates, realizes an optimal multicomponent superconductivity regime: it preserves strong pairing to generate large gaps and a very high critical temperature but screens the detrimental superconducting fluctuations, thereby suppressing the pseudogap state. Surprisingly, we find that the screening is very efficient even when the interband coupling is very small. Thus, a multiband superconductor with a coherent mixture of condensates in the BCS regime (deep band) and in the BCS-BEC crossover regime (shallow band) offers a promising route to higher critical temperatures.
We investigate pairing fluctuation effects in a two band fermionic system, where a shallow band in the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer–Bose–Einstein condensation (BCS-BEC) crossover regime is coupled with a weakly interacting deep band. Within a diagrammatic T matrix approach, we report how thermodynamic quantities such as the critical temperature, chemical potential, and momentum distributions undergo the crossover from the BCS to BEC regime by tuning the intraband coupling in the shallow band. We also generalize the definition of Tan’s contact to a two band system and report the two contacts for different pair-exchange couplings. The present results are compared with those obtained by the simpler Nozières–Schmitt–Rink approximation. We confirm a pronounced enhancement of the critical temperature due to the multiband configuration, as well as to the pair-exchange coupling.
The appearance of a shallow band(s) drives a superconductor towards the BCS-BEC crossover, conventionally associated with notable changes in single-particle properties and an elevated critical temperature. Here we demonstrate that the proximity to the crossover induced by a shallow band has also a dramatic effect on the phase diagram of the superconducting magnetic properties. When the system passes from the BCS to BEC regime, the intertype domain between superconductivity types I and II enlarges systematically, being inversely proportional to the square of the Cooper-pair radius, the main parameter that controls the BCS-BEC superconductivity. We also show that despite the presence of a shallow band, the condensate fluctuations are suppressed when it coexists in one material with standard deep bands, as in recent iron chalcogenides ${\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Se}}_{x}{\mathrm{Te}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and FeSe\mathrm{FeSe}FeSe.
We investigate single-particle excitation properties in the normal state of a two-band superconductor or superfluid throughout the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose–Einstein-condensation (BEC) crossover, within the many-body T-matrix approximation for multichannel pairing fluctuations. We address the single-particle density of states and the spectral functions consisting of two contributions associated with a weakly interacting deep band and a strongly interacting shallow band, relevant for iron-based multiband superconductors and multicomponent fermionic superfluids. We show how the pseudogap state in the shallow band is hidden by the deep band contribution throughout the two-band BCS-BEC crossover. Our results could explain the missing pseudogap in recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in FeSe superconductors.
In the pursuit of higher critical temperature of superconductivity, quasiflat electronic bands and Van Hove singularities in two dimensions (2D) have emerged as a potential approach to enhance Cooper pairing on the basis of mean-field expectations. However, these special electronic features suppress the superfluid stiffness and, hence, the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in 2D superconducting systems, leading to the emergence of a significant pseudogap regime due to superconducting fluctuations. In the strong-coupling regime, one finds that superfluid stiffness is inversely proportional to the superconducting gap, which is the predominant factor contributing to the strong suppression of superfluid stiffness. Here we reveal that the aforementioned limitation is avoided in a 2D superconducting electronic system with a quasiflat electronic band with a strong pairing strength coupled to a deep band with weak electronic pairing strength. Owing to the multiband effects, we demonstrate a screening-like mechanism that circumvents the suppression of the superfluid stiffness. We report the optimal conditions for achieving a large enhancement of the BKT transition temperature and a substantial shrinking of the pseudogap regime by tuning the intraband couplings and the pair-exchange coupling between the two band-condensates.
We demonstrate the rise-and-fall of multiple pseudogaps in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-Bose-Einstein-condensation (BCS-BEC) crossover in two-band fermionic systems having different pairing strengths in the deep band and in the shallow band. The striking features of this phenomenon are an unusual many-body screening of pseudogap state and the importance of pair-exchange couplings, which induces multiple pseudogap formation in the two bands. The multi-band configuration suppresses pairing fluctuations and the pseudogap opening in the strongly-interacting shallow band at small pair-exchange couplings by screening effects, with possible connection to the pseudogap phenomenology in iron based superconductors. On the other hand, the multiple pseudogap mechanism accompanies with the emergence of binary preformed Cooper pairs originating from interplay between intra-band and pair-exchange couplings.
We demonstrate the rise and fall of multiple pseudogaps in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein condensation crossover in two-band fermionic systems having different pairing strengths in the deep band and in the shallow band. The striking features of this phenomenon are an unusual many-body screening of the pseudogap state and the importance of pair-exchange couplings, which induces multiple pseudogap formation in the two bands. The multiband configuration suppresses pairing fluctuations and the pseudogap opening in the strongly interacting shallow band at small pair-exchange couplings by screening effects, with a possible connection to the pseudogap phenomenology in iron-based superconductors. On the other hand, the multiple pseudogap mechanism is accompanied by the emergence of binary preformed Cooper pairs originating from the interplay between intraband and pair-exchange couplings.