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arXiv:1810.02631 · Physical Review A

Effects of long-range hopping in the Bose-Hubbard model

Matteo Ferraretto, Luca Salasnich

Published Jan 22, 2019• 6 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the effects of an extended Bose-Hubbard model with a long-range hopping term on the Mott insulator-superfluid quantum phase transition. We consider the effects of a power-law decaying hopping term, and we show that the Mott phase is shrunk in the parameters' space. We provide an exact solution for one-dimensional lattices and also two reliable approximations for higher dimensions. Finally, we extend these results to a more realistic situation in which long-range hopping is made by a combination of power-law and screening terms, studying the main effects on the Mott lobes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.013618

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We investigate the effects of an extended Bose-Hubbard model with a long-range hopping term on the Mott insulator-superfluid quantum phase transition. We consider the effects of a power-law decaying hopping term, and we show that the Mott phase is shrunk in the parameters' space. We provide an exact solution for one-dimensional lattices and also two reliable approximations for higher dimensions. Finally, we extend these results to a more realistic situation in which long-range hopping is made by a combination of power-law and screening terms, studying the main effects on the Mott lobes.
We investigate the zero-temperature phase diagram of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with power-law hopping decaying with distance as 1/r^{α} using exact large scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations. For all 1<α≤3 the quantum phase transition from a superfluid and a Mott insulator at unit filling is found to be continuous and scale invariant, in marked contrast with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) scenario that is recovered only for α>3. By performing finite-size scaling collapses of the superfluid stiffness and extracting dynamical and correlation-length exponents from the low-energy spectrum, we establish that these transitions define a distinct universality class throughout the long-range regime 1<α≤3. Analysis of the single-particle correlation functions and grand canonical phase diagram further reveals a sequence of ordering regimes within the superfluid phase: true long-range order for α≤2, anomalous quasi-long-range order for 2<α≤3, and conventional algebraic decay for α>3. Our exact numerical results provide a benchmark to compare theories of long-range quantum models and are relevant for experiments with cold neutral atom, molecules and ion chains.
Building on the work of Fisher et al. [Phys. Rev. B 40, 546 (1989)], we develop the perturbation theory for the Bose-Hubbard model and apply it to calculate the effects of a degenerate gas of spin-polarized fermions interacting by contact interactions with the constituent bosons. For the single-band Bose-Hubbard model, we find that the net effect of the screening of the boson on-site interaction by the fermions is to suppress the Mott-insulating lobes in the Bose-Hubbard phase diagram. For the more general multiband model, we find that, in addition to the fermion screening effects, the virtual excitations of the bosons to the higher Bloch bands, coupled with the contact interactions with the fermions, result in an effective increase (decrease) of the boson on-site repulsion (hopping parameter). If the higher-band renormalization of the boson parameters is dominant over the fermion screening of the interaction, the Mott-insulating lobes in the Bose-Hubbard phase diagram are enhanced for either sign of the Bose-Fermi interactions, consistent with the recent experiments.
The quantum phase transition from the Mott insulator state to the superfluid in the Bose-Hubbard model is investigated. We research one, two and three dimensional lattices in the truncated Wigner approximation. We compute both kinetic and potential energy and they turn out to have a power law behaviour as a function of the transition rate, with the power equal to 1/3. The same applies to the total energy in a system with a harmonic trap, which is usually present in the experimental set-up. These observations are in agreement with the experiment of [8], where such scalings were also observed and the power of the decay was numerically close to 1/3. The results confirm the Kibble-Zurek (adiabatic-impulse-adiabatic approximation) scenario for this transition.
We study the superfluid--Bose-glass transition in a one-dimensional lattice boson model with power-law decaying hopping amplitude ${t}_{i\ensuremath{-}j}\ensuremath{\sim}1/{|i\ensuremath{-}j|}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, using bosonization and the nonperturbative functional renormalization group (FRG). When $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is smaller than a critical value ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}<3$, the U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken, which leads to a density mode with nonlinear dispersion and dynamical exponent $z=(\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}1)/2$; the superfluid phase is then stable for sufficiently weak disorder, contrary to the case of short-range hopping where disorder is a relevant perturbation when the Luttinger parameter is smaller than 3/23/23/2. In the presence of disorder, however, long-range hopping has no effect in the infrared limit and the FRG flow eventually becomes similar to that of a boson system with short-range hopping. This implies that the superfluid phase, when stable, exhibits a density mode with linear dispersion (z=1z=1z=1) and the superfluid--Bose-glass transition remains in the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class, while the Bose-glass fixed point is insensitive to long-range hopping. We compare our findings with a recent numerical study.
The phase transitions in the Bose-Hubbard model are investigated.A single-particle Green's function is calculated in the random phase approximation and the formalism of the Hubbard operators is used.The regions of existence of the superfluid and Mott insulator phases are established and the (µ, t) (the chemical potentialtransfer parameter) phase diagrams are built.The effect of temperature change on this transition is analyzed and the phase diagram in the (T, µ) plane is constructed.The role of thermal activation of the ion hopping is investigated by taking into account the temperature dependence of the transfer parameter.The reconstruction of the Mott-insulator lobes due to this effect is analyzed.
The phase transitions in the Bose-Hubbard model are investigated. A single-particle Green's function is calculated in the random phase approximation and the formalism of the Hubbard operators is used. The regions of existence of the superfluid and Mott insulator phases are established and the (μ,t)(μ,t)(μ,t) (the chemical potential -- transfer parameter) phase diagrams are built. The influence of temperature change on this transition is analyzed and the phase diagram in the (T,μ)(T,μ)(T,μ) plane is constructed. The role of thermal activation of the ion hopping is investigated by taking into account the temperature dependence of the transfer parameter. The reconstruction of the Mott-insulator lobes due to this effect is analyzed.