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arXiv:1805.11391 · Optics Letters

Micro-lensing-induced line shapes in a single-mode cold-atom–hollow-core-fiber interface

Mohammad Noaman, Maria Langbecker, Patrick Windpassinger

Published Aug 6, 2018• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on the observation of strong transmission line shape alterations in a cold-atom-hollow-core-fiber interface. We show that this can lead to a significant overestimation of the assigned resonant optical depth for high atom densities. By modeling light beam propagation in an inhomogeneous dispersive medium, we attribute the observations to micro lensing in the atomic ensemble in combination with the mode selection of the atom-fiber interface. The approach is confirmed by studies of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency line shapes.

DOI
10.1364/ol.43.003925

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We report on the observation of strong transmission line shape alterations in a cold-atom-hollow-core-fiber interface. We show that this can lead to a significant overestimation of the assigned resonant optical depth for high atom densities. By modeling light beam propagation in an inhomogeneous dispersive medium, we attribute the observations to micro lensing in the atomic ensemble in combination with the mode selection of the atom-fiber interface. The approach is confirmed by studies of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency line shapes.
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Light propagation through an ensemble of ultracold Rydberg atoms in an electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) configuration is studied. In strongly interacting Rydberg EIT media, nonlinear optical effects lead to a nontrivial dependence of the degree of probe-beam attenuation on the medium density and on its initial intensity. We develop a Monte Carlo rate equation model that self-consistently includes the effect of the probe-beam attenuation to investigate the steady state of the Rydberg medium driven by two laser fields. We compare our results to recent experimental data and to results of other state-of-the-art models for light propagation in Rydberg EIT media. We find that for low probe field intensities, our results match the experimental data best if a density-dependent dephasing rate is included in the model. At higher probe intensities, our model deviates from other theoretical approaches, because it predicts a spectral asymmetry together with line broadening. These are likely due to off-resonant excitation channels, which, however, have not been observed in recent experiments. Atomic motion and coupling to additional Rydberg levels are discussed as possible origins for these deviations.
Transmissivity of up to 200% has been observed in an absorption imaging study of electromagnetically induced transparency in cold sodium atoms, when a focused coupling beam is applied near the edge of the atom cloud. The signal behavior strongly depends on the frequency difference between the probe beam and the coupling beam. Such high transmissivity can be attributed to the strong focusing effect of the probe beam, when it propagates in a medium with spatially inhomogeneous refractive index induced by the coupling beam. A detailed numerical analysis based upon the Maxwell propagation equations is presented.
Abstract We present a numerical approach to simulate the propagation of polarized light through a one-dimensional, optically dense, and strongly birefringent medium. The medium is modeled as a gas of atoms with a complex energy-level structure, exemplified by rubidium-87, confined within a birefringent, nonresonant waveguide such as a hollow fiber. The model is formulated within the rotating wave, slowly varying envelope, and Weisskopf–Wigner approximations and is optimized for computational efficiency through the extensive use of tensor operations. As applications, we reproduce key features of two previously reported experiments: biphoton generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing and Raman superfluorescence in an inhomogeneous medium. We further investigate the influence of Zeeman degeneracy and fiber birefringence on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and show that these effects can significantly distort the extracted values of the ground-state dephasing rate.