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arXiv:1805.04689

On the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations

Volker Bach, Sébastien Breteaux, Thomas Chen, Jürg Martin Fröhlich, Israel Michael Sigal

Published May 12, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract

We review some results of our paper arXiv:1602.05171v2 on the "nonlinear quasifree approximation" to the many-body Schrödinger dynamics of Bose gases. In that paper, we derive, with the help of this approximation, the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equations, providing an approximate description of the dynamics of quantum fluctuations around a Bose-Einstein condensate and study properties of these equations.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1805.04689

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We review some results of our paper arXiv:1602.05171v2 on the "nonlinear quasifree approximation" to the many-body Schrödinger dynamics of Bose gases. In that paper, we derive, with the help of this approximation, the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equations, providing an approximate description of the dynamics of quantum fluctuations around a Bose-Einstein condensate and study properties of these equations.
Abstract We introduce the map of dynamics of quantum Bose gases into dynamics of quasifree states, which we call the “nonlinear quasifree approximation”. We use this map to derive the time-dependent Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) equations describing the dynamics of quantum fluctuations around a Bose–Einstein condensate. We prove global well-posedness of the HFB equations for pair potentials satisfying suitable regularity conditions, and we establish important conservation laws. We show that the space of solutions of the HFB equations has a symplectic structure reminiscent of a Hamiltonian system. This is then used to relate the HFB equations to the HFB eigenvalue equations discussed in the physics literature. We also construct Gibbs equilibrium states at positive temperature associated with the HFB equations, and we establish criteria for the appearance of Bose–Einstein condensation.
The thesis provides rigorous quantitative analyses for studying quantum fluctuations of a non-relativistic Bose gas about a Bose-Einstein condensate. In recent years, the dynamics of the condensate and the excitations of a Bose gas was shown to be well approximated by the quasifree dynamics with governing equations given by a system of coupled nonlinear dispersive PDEs called the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) system (c.f. Grillakis and Machedon, J. Fix. Point Theory A., (2013), Grillakis and Machedon, Comm. PDEs, (2017), Bach et al. in arXiv:1602.05171v2, (2018), Benedikter et al., Ann. Henri Poincare, (2018)). However, both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the time-dependent HFB system are still in their early stages of development. Thus, the primary purposes of the thesis are to further the development of some analytic tools necessary for studying the time-dependent HFB system and use these effective equations to provide quantitative estimates for the true dynamics of the Bose gas at absolute zero temperature in Fock space norm. The thesis comprises the entirety of the author's current and past projects on the time-dependent HFB system. Each project falls into one or more of two categories: studying the local or global well-posedness of the time-dependent HFB system, or obtaining global-in-time Fock space estimates for the error terms of the quasifree approximation to the dynamics of a system of interacting bosons. In the former category, the author employs techniques of dispersive PDE theory developed in the past three decades along with classical methods of harmonic analysis to study lower regularity solutions to the time-dependent HFB system. The lower regularity well-posedness of solutions for the time-dependent HFB system is necessary for studying norm approximation of the dynamics of a dilute Bose gas with strong interactions. In the latter category, we prove global a-priori estimates for the solutions to the HFB system and use them to obtain estimates for the error terms of the Fock space approximation.
We present a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theoretical treatment of the two-dimensional trapped Bose gas and indicate how semiclassical approximations to this and other formalisms have lead to confusion. We numerically obtain results for the quantum-mechanical HFB theory within the Popov approximation and show that the presence of the trap stabilizes the condensate against long wavelength fluctuations. These results are used to show where phase fluctuations lead to the formation of a quasicondensate.