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arXiv:1804.08247 · New Journal of Physics

The experimental realization of high-fidelity ‘shortcut-to-adiabaticity’ quantum gates in a superconducting Xmon qubit

Tenghui Wang, Zhenxing Zhang, Liang Xiang, Zhi-Long Jia, Peng Duan, Weizhou Cai, Zhihao Gong, Zhiwen Zong, Mengmeng Wu, Jianlan Wu, Luyan Sun, Yi Yin, Guo‐Ping Guo

Published Jun 4, 2018• 83 citations
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Abstract

Based on a 'shortcut-to-adiabaticity' (STA) scheme, we theoretically design and experimentally realize a set of high-fidelity single-qubit quantum gates in a superconducting Xmon qubit system. Through a precise microwave control, the qubit is driven to follow a fast 'adiabatic' trajectory with the assistance of a counter-diabatic field and the correction of derivative removal by adiabatic gates. The experimental measurements of quantum process tomography and interleaved randomized benchmarking show that the process fidelities of our STA quantum gates are higher than 94.9% and the gate fidelities are higher than 99.8%, very close to the state-of-art gate fidelity of 99.9%. An alternate of high-fidelity quantum gates is successfully achieved under the STA protocol.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/aac9e7

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Based on a 'shortcut-to-adiabaticity' (STA) scheme, we theoretically design and experimentally realize a set of high-fidelity single-qubit quantum gates in a superconducting Xmon qubit system. Through a precise microwave control, the qubit is driven to follow a fast 'adiabatic' trajectory with the assistance of a counter-diabatic field and the correction of derivative removal by adiabatic gates. The experimental measurements of quantum process tomography and interleaved randomized benchmarking show that the process fidelities of our STA quantum gates are higher than 94.9% and the gate fidelities are higher than 99.8%, very close to the state-of-art gate fidelity of 99.9%. An alternate of high-fidelity quantum gates is successfully achieved under the STA protocol.
In quantum information processing, the shortcut-to-adiabaticity (STA) protocol has been proposed to accelerate a system's adiabatic evolution by introducing an additional, counterdiabatic Hamiltonian. This protocol is particularly suitable for realizing the controlled-ZZZ ($C\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}Z$) gate, but a counterdiabatic Hamiltonian requires a variable, complex coupling of qubits. By introducing a representation transformation and a rescaling method, this work uses the STA protocol to obtain a high-fidelity $C\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}Z$ gate with two coupled transmon qubits. This method affords high flexibility in the evolution time and control waveform, and is expected to be directly useful in other quantum systems as well.
In a 'shortcut to adiabaticity' (STA) protocol, the counter-diabatic Hamiltonian, which suppresses the non-adiabatic transition of a reference 'adiabatic' trajectory, induces a quantum uncertainty of the work cost in the framework of quantum thermodynamics. Following a theory derived recently (Funo et al 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 100602), we perform an experimental measurement of the STA work statistics in a high-quality superconducting Xmon qubit. Through the frozen-Hamiltonian and frozen-population techniques, we experimentally realize the two-point measurement of the work distribution for given initial eigenstates. Our experimental statistics verify (i) the conservation of the average STA work and (ii) the equality between the STA excess of work fluctuations and the quantum geometric tensor.
Construction of optimal gate operations is significant for quantum computation. Here an efficient scheme is proposed for performing shortcut-based quantum gates on superconducting qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). Two four-level artificial atoms of Cooper-pair box circuits, having sufficient level anharmonicity, are placed in a common quantized field of circuit QED and are driven by individual classical microwaves. Without the effect of cross resonance, one-qubit NOT gate and phase gate in a decoupled atom can be implemented using the invariant-based shortcuts to adiabaticity. With the assistance of cavity bus, a one-step SWAP gate can be obtained within a composite qubit-photon-qubit system by inversely engineering the classical drivings. We further consider the gate realizations by adjusting the microwave fields. With the accessible decoherence rates, the shortcut-based gates have high fidelities. The present strategy could offer a promising route towards fast and robust quantum computation with superconducting circuits experimentally.
Non-Hermitian dissipation dynamics, capable of turning the conventionally detrimental decoherence effects to useful resources for state engineering, is highly attractive to quantum information processing. In this work, an effective scheme is developed for implementing fast population transfer with a superconducting qutrit via the non-Hermitian shortcut to adiabaticity (STA). We first deal with a Λ-configuration interaction between the qutrit and microwave drivings, in which the dephasing-assisted qubit state inversion requiring an overlarge dephasing rate is constructed non-adiabatically. After introducing a feasible ancillary driving that directly acts upon the qubit states, the target state transfer can be well realized but with an accessible qubit dephasing rate. Moreover, a high fidelity could be numerically obtained in the considered system. The strategy could provide a new route towards the non-Hermitian shortcut operations on superconducting quantum circuits.
Abstract Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has received increasing attention due to its robustness against control errors and high-speed realization. The original protocol of nonadiabatic holonomic one-qubit gates has been experimentally demonstrated with a superconducting transmon qutrit. However, it requires two noncommuting gates to complete an arbitrary one-qubit gate, doubling the exposure time of the gate to error sources and thus leaving the gate vulnerable to environment-induced decoherence. Single-shot protocol has been subsequently proposed to realize an arbitrary one-qubit nonadiabatic holonomic gate. In this paper, a single-shot protocol of nonadiabatic holonomic gates is experimentally demonstrated by using a superconducting Xmon qutrit, with all the single-qubit Clifford gates carried out by a single-shot implementation. Characterized by quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking, the single-shot gates reach a fidelity exceeding 99%.
We demonstrate high-fidelity single-qubit gates on a C-shunt flux qubit that simultaneously combines a large anharmonicity (A/2π=848 MHz) with long relaxation time (T1=23 μs). The large anharmonicity significantly suppresses leakage to higher energy levels, enabling fast and precise microwave control. Using derivative removal by adiabatic gate pulses and randomized benchmarking, the qubit achieves gate fidelities exceeding 99.9%, highlighting the capability of C-shunt flux qubits for robust and high-performance quantum operations. These results establish them as a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing.