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arXiv:1804.07390 · Physical Review A

Quantum state preparation by a shaped photon pulse in a one-dimensional continuum

Zeyang Liao, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Aug 8, 2018• 12 citations
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Abstract

We propose a method to deterministically prepare a desired quantum state in a one-dimensional (1D) continuum by a shaped photon pulse. This method is based on time reversal of the quantum emission process. We show that the desired quantum state such as a Dicke or timed Dicke state can be successfully prepared with very high fidelity even if the dissipation to the environment is non-negligible and the pulse shaping is not perfect. We also show that large quantum entanglement between emitters can be created by just a single-photon pulse. This method is experimentally feasible in a 1D waveguide QED or a circuit QED system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.023815

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We propose a method to deterministically prepare a desired quantum state in a one-dimensional (1D) continuum by a shaped photon pulse. This method is based on time reversal of the quantum emission process. We show that the desired quantum state such as a Dicke or timed Dicke state can be successfully prepared with very high fidelity even if the dissipation to the environment is non-negligible and the pulse shaping is not perfect. We also show that large quantum entanglement between emitters can be created by just a single-photon pulse. This method is experimentally feasible in a 1D waveguide QED or a circuit QED system.
The ability to control the temporal shape of single-photon pulses is highly desirable in quantum information processing. For instance, it has been shown that Gaussian pulses are best suited for linear optics quantum computing1. By mimicking the time-reversal of a spontaneous emission event, it also allows to optimize the absorption of the prepared photons by a quantum emitter. In this work we investigate the potential of using fast modifications of the detuning between an atomic system and a cavity mode during photon emission to reach this goal. We compare two approaches consisting of varying the emitter or cavity frequency. The latter, achievable by a fast modification of the refractive index of a solid state cavity, will be shown to have negligible influence on the photon spectrum. It allows to create Gaussian pulses interacting with a fidelity to the target photons of 99%, as well as time-reversed photons absorbed by an atom in a cavity with a probability of 93%.
When a single emitter is excited by two phase-coherent pulses with a time delay, each of the pulses can lead to the emission of a photon pair, thus creating a "time-bin-entangled" state. Double pair emission can be avoided by initially preparing the emitter in a metastable state. We show how photons from separate emissions can be made indistinguishable, permitting their use for multiphoton interference. Possible realizations are discussed. The method might also allow the direct creation of n-photon entangled states (n > 2).
We propose a scheme for triggering a dissipation-dominated highly efficient excitation transfer from a single-photon wave packet to a single quantum emitter. This single-photon-induced optical pumping turns dominant dissipative processes, such as spontaneous photon emission by the emitter or cavity decay, into valuable tools for quantum information processing and quantum communication. It works for an arbitrarily shaped single-photon wave packet with sufficiently small bandwidth provided a matching condition is satisfied which balances the dissipative rates involved. Our scheme does not require additional laser pulses or quantum feedback and does not rely on high finesse optical resonators. In particular, it can be used to enhance significantly the coupling of a single photon to a single quantum emitter implanted in a one-dimensional waveguide or even in a free space scenario. We demonstrate the usefulness of our scheme for building a deterministic quantum memory and a deterministic frequency converter between photonic qubits of different wavelengths.