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arXiv:1802.08607 · Physical Review A

Photon statistics in collective strong coupling: Nanocavities and microcavities

Rocío Sáez‐Blázquez, Johannes Feist, Francisco José García-Vidal, Antonio I. Fernández‐Domínguez

Published Jul 25, 2018• 42 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

There exists a growing interest in the properties of the light generated by hybrid systems involving a mesoscopic number of emitters as a means of providing macroscopic quantum light sources. In this work, the quantum correlations of the light emitted by a collection of emitters coupled to a generic optical cavity are studied theoretically using an effective Hamiltonian approach. Starting from the single-emitter level, we analyze the persistence of photon antibunching as the ensemble size increases. Not only is the photon blockade effect identifiable, but photon antibunching originated from destructive interference processes, the so-called unconventional antibunching, is also present. We study the dependence of these two types of negative correlations on the spectral detuning between cavity and emitters, as well as its evolution as the time delay between photon detections increases. Throughout this work, the performance of plasmonic nanocavities and dielectric microcavities is compared: despite the distinct energy scales and the differences introduced by their respectively open and closed character, the bunching and antibunching phenomenology presents remarkable similarities in both types of cavities.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.013839

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There exists a growing interest in the properties of the light generated by hybrid systems involving a mesoscopic number of emitters as a means of providing macroscopic quantum light sources. In this work, the quantum correlations of the light emitted by a collection of emitters coupled to a generic optical cavity are studied theoretically using an effective Hamiltonian approach. Starting from the single-emitter level, we analyze the persistence of photon antibunching as the ensemble size increases. Not only is the photon blockade effect identifiable, but photon antibunching originated from destructive interference processes, the so-called unconventional antibunching, is also present. We study the dependence of these two types of negative correlations on the spectral detuning between cavity and emitters, as well as its evolution as the time delay between photon detections increases. Throughout this work, the performance of plasmonic nanocavities and dielectric microcavities is compared: despite the distinct energy scales and the differences introduced by their respectively open and closed character, the bunching and antibunching phenomenology presents remarkable similarities in both types of cavities.
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Using a scattered field interference mechanism, we theoretically demonstrate the quantum statistics control with a hybrid system comprised of a quantum emitter and a plasmonic multimode nanocavity. Enhanced through multimode interactions, destructive interference between scattered fields from the emitter and nanocavity is able to change the photon statistics from bunching to antibunching. This transition cannot be explained by treating the plasmonic nanocavity in the dipole approximation. In some specific regions, an effective single-mode model, which is equivalent to the multimode model, is derived by simply shifting the transition frequency and modifying decay rates of the nearby quantum emitter. Superior to the closed optical microcavity, this hybrid system can be used to control the photon statistics without the need for strong coupling, and may find applications in nanoscale refractive index sensing.
Quantum engineering of photons is a key requirement for the development of quantum technology. Here, we put forward a scheme to investigate extensively quantum statistical characteristics of the photons and their engineering in a hybrid nanoparticle-emitter-cavity architecture through placing a nanoparticle (NP) and a quantum emitter (QE), called NP-QE molecule, into an optical cavity, where the coherent tripartite coupling emerges in the interactions among the NP, QE, and cavity. The photons are collected from the two different channels, i.e., the cavity emission and the NP-QE molecule scattering. Due to the composite nature of the tripartite dressed excitations of our fully coupled system and the destructive interference between different transition pathways for the two-photon excitation, the nontrivial quantum statistical properties, such as unconventional single-photon blockade and strong photon superbunching, can be achieved even within the bad cavity limit (without the need of the strong-coupling condition) when the NP-QE molecule is driven by an external laser not interacting the cavity mode. It is also revealed that the photon autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties are well modified by regulating the size-dependent system parameters, such as the NP-to-QE distance and the NP radius. The small-coupling strength required, the ease of parameter tuning, the relaxation of high-cavity quality factor, and the robustness to the dephasing rate in realistic scenarios all benefit the generation of single-photon sources, which has potential applications in quantum information and quantum communication.
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We explore the photon statistics of light emitted from a system comprising a single four--level atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity mode which is driven by a coherent laser field. In the weak driving regime this system is found to exhibit a photon blockade effect. For intermediate driving strengths we find a sudden change in the photon statistics of the light emitted from the cavity. Photon antibunching switches to photon bunching over a very narrow range of intracavity photon number. It is proven that this sudden change in photon statistics occurs due to the existence of robust quantum interference of transitions between the dressed states of the atom-cavity system. Furthermore, it is shown that the strong photon bunching is a nonclassical effect for certain values of driving field strength, violating classical inequalities for field correlations.
We study the temporal correlations of the field emitted by an electromagnetic resonator coupled to a mesoscopic number of two-level emitters that are incoherently pumped by a weak external drive. We solve the master equation of the system for increasing number of emitters and as a function of the cavity quality factor, and we identify three main regimes characterized by well-distinguished statistical properties of the emitted radiation. For small cavity decay rates, the emission events are uncorrelated and the number of photons in the emitted field becomes larger than one, resembling the build-up of a laser field inside the cavity. At intermediate decay rates (as compared with the emitter–cavity coupling) and for a few emitters, the statistics of the emitted radiation is bunched and strikingly dependent on the parity of the number of emitters. The latter property is related to the cooperativity of the emitters mediated by their coupling to the cavity mode, and its connection with steady-state subradiance is discussed. Finally, in the bad cavity regime the typical situation of emission from a collection of individual emitters is recovered. We also analyze how the cooperative behavior evolves as a function of pure dephasing, which allows us to recover the case of a classical source made of an ensemble of independent emitters, similar to what is obtained for a very leaky cavity. State-of-the-art techniques of Q -switch of resonant cavities, allied with the recent capability of tuning single emitters in and out of resonance, suggest this system to be a versatile source of different quantum states of light.