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arXiv:1802.08371 · Physical Review Letters

Simulation and Manipulation of Tunable Weyl-Semimetal Bands Using Superconducting Quantum Circuits

Xinsheng Tan, Y. X. Zhao, Qiang Liu, Guangming Xue, Haifeng Yu, Z. D. Wang, Yang Yu

Published Jan 8, 2019• 41 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We simulated highly tunable Weyl-semimetal bands using superconducting quantum circuits. Driving the superconducting quantum circuits with microwave fields, we mapped the momentum space of a lattice to the parameter space, realizing the Hamiltonian of a Weyl semimetal. By measuring the energy spectrum, we directly imaged the Weyl points, whose topological winding numbers were further determined from the Berry curvature measurement. In addition, we manipulated the band structure with an additional pump microwave field, producing a momentum-dependent Weyl-point energy together with an artificial magnetic field, which are indispensable for generating chiral magnetic topological currents in some special Weyl semimetals and may have significant impact on topological physics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.122.010501

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We simulated highly tunable Weyl-semimetal bands using superconducting quantum circuits. Driving the superconducting quantum circuits with microwave fields, we mapped the momentum space of a lattice to the parameter space, realizing the Hamiltonian of a Weyl semimetal. By measuring the energy spectrum, we directly imaged the Weyl points, whose topological winding numbers were further determined from the Berry curvature measurement. In addition, we manipulated the band structure with an additional pump microwave field, producing a momentum-dependent Weyl-point energy together with an artificial magnetic field, which are indispensable for generating chiral magnetic topological currents in some special Weyl semimetals and may have significant impact on topological physics.
Recently, the tunable Weyl-semimetal bands and the associate topological phase transition have been successfully simulated in superconducting quantum circuits [X. Tan, \textit{et al.} Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 122}, 010501 (2019)]. Since the superconducting quantum circuits inevitably couple to the environment, we here focus on the steady state and decoherence process by taking the reservoir into consideration via quantum master equation. Our results show that the purity of the steady state can be used to indicate the topological phase transition and Weyl points. Furthermore, the coherence will exponentially decay to zero at the Weyl points, and decay to a nonzero value with oscillation at other points in the momentum space. Our work may have significant impact on the study of quantum open topological system.
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Weyl semimetals have drawn considerable attention for their exotic topological properties in many research fields. When in combination with s-wave superconductors, the supercurrent can be carried by their topological surface channels, forming junctions mimicking the behavior of Majorana bound states. Here, we present a transmon-like superconducting quantum intereference device (SQUID) consisting of lateral junctions made of Weyl semimetal Td–MoTe 2 and superconducting leads of niobium nitride (NbN). The SQUID is coupled to a readout cavity made of molybdenum rhenium (MoRe), whose response at high power reveals the existence of the constituting Josephson junctions (JJs). The loop geometry of the circuit allows the resonant frequency of the readout cavity to be tuned by the magnetic flux. We demonstrate a JJ made of MoTe 2 and a flux-tunable transmon-like circuit based on Weyl semimetals. Our study provides a platform to utilize topological materials in SQUID-based quantum circuits for potential applications in quantum information processing.
We explore the topological properties of double-Weyl semimetals with cold atoms in optical lattices. We first propose a tight-binding model of simulating the double-Weyl semimetal with a pair of double-Weyl points by engineering the atomic hopping in a three-dimensional optical lattice. We show that the double-Weyl points with topological charges of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ behave as the sink and source of Berry flux in momentum space connecting by two Fermi arcs and they are stabilized by the C4h{C}_{4h}C4h​ point-group symmetry. By applying a realizable C4{C}_{4}C4​ breaking term, we find that each double-Weyl point splits into two single-Weyl points and obtain rich phase diagrams in the parameter space spanned by the strengths of an effective Zeeman term and the C4{C}_{4}C4​ breaking term, which contains a topological and a normal insulating phase and two topological Weyl semimetal phases with eight and four single-Weyl points, apart from the double-Weyl semimetal phase. Furthermore, we demonstrate with numerical simulations that (i) the mimicked double- and single-Weyl points can be detected by measuring the atomic transfer fractions after a Bloch oscillation; (ii) the Chern number of different quantum phases in the phase diagram can be extracted from the center shift of the hybrid Wannier functions, which can be directly measured with time-of-flight imaging; (iii) the band topology of the C4{C}_{4}C4​-symmetric Bloch Hamiltonian can be detected simply from measuring the spin polarization at the high-symmetry momentum points with a condensate in the optical lattice. The proposed system would provide a promising platform for elaborating the intrinsic exotic physics of double-Weyl semimetals and the related topological phase transitions.
During the past decades, the exploration of new topological material and the study of their novel physical properties have become a hot topic in condensed matter physics. However, it is hard to realize various topological materials and observe their physical properties that have been predicted theoretically due to the limitation of experimental techniques, such as fabrication, parameter control, and measurement. This situation makes quantum simulation a way alternative to simulating large quantum systems. In general, quantum simulation can be implemented by some controllable quantum systems. As a kind of all-solid state device, superconducting quantum circuit is an artificial quantum system that has great advantage in scalability, integration, and controllability, which provides an important scheme to realize the quantum simulator. In this paper, we review our recent results of quantum simulation in the space-time inversion symmetry protected topological semimetal bands, Hopf-link semimetal bands, and topological Maxwell metal bands with superconducting quantum circuits. These results show that the superconducting circuit is a promising system for simulating the quantum many-body system in condensed matter physics.
Abstract In this work, we describe a toolbox to realize and probe synthetic axial gauge fields in engineered Weyl semimetals. These synthetic electromagnetic fields, which are sensitive to the chirality associated with Weyl nodes, emerge due to spatially and temporally dependent shifts of the corresponding Weyl momenta. First, we introduce two realistic models, inspired by recent cold-atom developments, which are particularly suitable for the exploration of these synthetic axial gauge fields. Second, we describe how to realize and measure the effects of such axial fields through center-of-mass observables, based on semiclassical equations of motion and exact numerical simulations. In particular, we suggest realistic protocols to reveal an axial Hall response due to the axial electric field E 5 , as well as axial cyclotron orbits and chiral pseudo-magnetic effect due to the axial magnetic field B 5 .