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arXiv:1802.08186 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Schrödinger–Koopman quasienergy states of quantum systems driven by classical flow

David Viennot, Lucile Aubourg

Published Jun 5, 2018• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We study the properties of the quasienergy states of a quantum system driven by a classical dynamical system. The quasienergies are defined in the same manner as in light-matter interaction but where the Floquet approach is generalized by the use of the Koopman approach of dynamical systems. We show how the properties of the classical flow (fixed and cyclic points, ergodicity, chaos) influence the driven quantum system. This approach of Schrödinger–Koopman quasienergies can be applied to quantum control, quantum information in presence of noises, and dynamics of mixed classical-quantum systems. We treat the example of a kicked spin ensemble where the kick modulation is governed by discrete classical flows as the Arnold’s cat map and the Chirikov standard map.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/aaca45

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Abstract We study the properties of the quasienergy states of a quantum system driven by a classical dynamical system. The quasienergies are defined in the same manner as in light-matter interaction but where the Floquet approach is generalized by the use of the Koopman approach of dynamical systems. We show how the properties of the classical flow (fixed and cyclic points, ergodicity, chaos) influence the driven quantum system. This approach of Schrödinger–Koopman quasienergies can be applied to quantum control, quantum information in presence of noises, and dynamics of mixed classical-quantum systems. We treat the example of a kicked spin ensemble where the kick modulation is governed by discrete classical flows as the Arnold’s cat map and the Chirikov standard map.
The quantum kicked top (QKT) is one of the most widely studied models in quantum chaos, providing a minimal yet powerful framework for exploring the relationship between classical nonlinear dynamics and quantum behavior. Unlike many chaotic systems with infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, the QKT possesses a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, making it analytically and numerically controllable while still showing a rich dynamical phenomena. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive introduction to the QKT as a paradigmatic model of quantum chaos. Starting from the classical kicked top, we derive the discrete nonlinear map governing the dynamics on the unit sphere and analyze its phase space structure through fixed points, stability analysis, bifurcations and Lyapunov exponents. We then discuss the role of symmetries, including rotational and time-reversal symmetry, and how their breaking modifies the dynamics. The quantum description is developed using Floquet theory, where the periodically driven spin system is represented by a unitary Floquet operator acting on a (2j+1)(2j+1)(2j+1)-dimensional Hilbert space. Within this framework, signatures of quantum chaos such as spectral statistics, entanglement generation and recurrences are discussed. The model also admits an interpretation as a system of interacting qubits, enabling explicit few-qubit realizations and direct connections with quantum information measures through reduced density matrices and entanglement entropy. By linking classical phase space structures with quantum dynamical indicators, the QKT provides a clear setting to investigate the emergence of chaotic behavior in the semiclassical limit. The chapter, therefore, highlights the quantum kicked top as a bridge between nonlinear classical dynamics, quantum chaos and modern quantum information science.
The quantum and classical dynamics of particles kicked by a Gaussian attractive potential are studied. Classically, it is an open mixed system (the motion in some parts of the phase space is chaotic, and in some parts it is regular). The fidelity (Loschmidt echo) is found to exhibit oscillations that can be determined from classical considerations but are sensitive to phase space structures that are smaller than Planck's constant. Families of quasienergies are determined from classical phase space structures. Substantial differences between the classical and quantum dynamics are found for time-dependent scattering. It is argued that the system can be experimentally realized by cold atoms kicked by a Gaussian light beam.
This chapter presents an investigation of the dynamics of one anisotropic spin in an external, periodically time-dependent field. The simple quantum system displays chaotic behavior in the classical limit. Chaotic behavior in classical deterministic systems is characterized by an extremely sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The statistics of quasienergy levels are discussed for our driven spin system with a twofold purpose. The statistics of quasienergy levels is equivalent to the energy level statistics in a time-independent system and the dependence of the quasienergy level statistics on the quantum parameter is investigated. The statistical properties of the spectrum of a quantum problem in its classical limit are associated with the regularity properties of the corresponding classical system. Using the complementary approaches of phase space analysis and level statistics we have shown in both schemes that for large spins, i.e. in the semiclassical regime, stochasticity can be discussed using concepts developed for classical systems.
We present theoretical methods for studying quantum mechanical systems subjected to fast periodic driving and apply them to model systems with long-range interaction. We provide a comparison between the methods and insight facilitated by these methods. The methods recently occurred in scientific papers, which supports the need for a scrutinized exposition of the theory. One of the main objects of the theory is a so-called Floquet Hamiltonian-an artificial stationary Hamiltonian describing important features of a quantum system. The methods construct Floquet Hamiltonians in the form of series in the powers of the time period. We present the spectra of Floquet Hamiltonians-the so-called quasienergy spectra-computed by the methods and computed numerically (with higher precision). The quasienergy spectra were computed using various approximations of Floquet Hamiltonians and compared. We discuss an interesting topic of the classical limit of an artificial stationary system. We also mention the kicked rotor system and its connection with the kicked top system-one of our model systems. In summary, the method characterized by simultaneous construction of a Floquet Hamiltonian and a so-called kick operator (operator capturing fast changes of the system) was found universal and accurate. The thesis presents an...
Abstract Koopman operator theory has been successfully applied to problems from various research areas such as fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics, climate science, engineering, and biology. Applications include detecting metastable or coherent sets, coarse-graining, system identification, and control. There is an intricate connection between dynamical systems driven by stochastic differential equations and quantum mechanics. In this paper, we compare the ground-state transformation and Nelson’s stochastic mechanics and demonstrate how data-driven methods developed for the approximation of the Koopman operator can be used to analyze quantum physics problems. Moreover, we exploit the relationship between Schrödinger operators and stochastic control problems to show that modern data-driven methods for stochastic control can be used to solve the stationary or imaginary-time Schrödinger equation. Our findings open up a new avenue toward solving Schrödinger’s equation using recently developed tools from data science.