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arXiv:1802.01816 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Strong photon antibunching in weakly nonlinear two-dimensional exciton-polaritons

Albert Ryou, David Rosser, Abhi Saxena, Taylor Fryett, Arka Majumdar

Published Jun 11, 2018• 26 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A deterministic and scalable array of single photon nonlinearities in the solid state holds great potential for both fundamental physics and technological applications, but its realization has proved extremely challenging. Despite significant advances, leading candidates such as quantum dots and group III-V quantum wells have yet to overcome their respective bottlenecks in random positioning and weak nonlinearity. Here we consider a hybrid light-matter platform, marrying an atomically thin two-dimensional material to a photonic crystal cavity, and analyze its second-order coherence function. We identify several mechanisms for photon antibunching under different system parameters, including one characterized by large dissipation and weak nonlinearity. Finally, we show that by patterning the two-dimensional material into different sizes, we can drive our system dynamics from a coherent state into a regime of strong antibunching with second-order coherence function ${g}^{(2)}(0)\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, opening a possible route to scalable, on-chip quantum simulations with correlated photons.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.97.235307

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A scalable, deterministic array of single photon nonlinearities in the solid state holds great potential for both fundamental physics and technological applications, but its realization has proved extremely challenging. Here we explore a hybrid light-matter platform, marrying an atomically thin two-dimensional material to a photonic crystal cavity, and analyze its second-order coherence function. By patterning the two-dimensional material into different sizes, we demonstrate strong antibunching with g(2)(0) ~ 10-3, opening a possible route to building scalable, on-chip quantum simulators.
By solving the master equation in the steady-state limit and calculating the zero-delay-time second-order correlation function, a strong photon antibunching is found in two coupled cavities with weak nonlinearity χ(2). An optimal antibunching condition is derived that is complementary to the result in a recent publication [Phys. Rev. A89, 031803(R) (2014)]. Numerical simulations confirm the optimal condition. These results are extended from the case with a single drive to the case with two drives. We find that the parameter added to the system due to the second drive can lift the restriction on the detuning for the antibunching to occur. This may open a new door towards the application of the antibunching into single photon sources.
Achieving the regime of single-photon nonlinearities in photonic devices by just exploiting the intrinsic high-order susceptibilities of conventional materials would open the door to practical semiconductor-based quantum photonic technologies. Here we show that this regime can be achieved in a triply resonant integrated photonic device made of two coupled ring resonators, in a material platform displaying an intrinsic third-order nonlinearity. By strongly driving one of the three resonances of the system, a weak coherent probe at one of the others results in a strongly suppressed two-photon probability at the output, evidenced by an antibunched second-order correlation function at zero-time delay under continuous wave driving.
Two-dimensional, atomically thin materials offer unique physical properties, such as a large second-order optical nonlinearity. Integrating these materials into a scalable and silicon-compatible platform could provide a pathway toward realizing low-power nonlinear optics. We have presented a formalism to calculate the effective nonlinear optical coefficient for a cavity integrated 2D material system as well as the cavity enhanced absorptive loss, which can be used to guide future experiments. We have also shown that the few-photon regime of cavity QED is within reach with a cavity quality factor of ∼10 5 –10 6, provided the loss at the second harmonic mode is minimized. As test applications, we have simulated the performances of (a) an optically bistable device and (b) a nanostructured device exhibiting single-photon blockade.
We propose the use of weakly nonlinear passive materials for prospective applications in integrated quantum photonics. It is shown that strong enhancement of native optical nonlinearities by electromagnetic field confinement in photonic crystal resonators can lead to single-photon generation only exploiting the quantum interference of two coupled modes and the effect of photon blockade under resonant coherent driving. For realistic system parameters in state of the art microcavities, the efficiency of such a single-photon source is theoretically characterized by means of the second-order correlation function at zero-time delay as the main figure of merit, where major sources of loss and decoherence are taken into account within a standard master equation treatment. These results could stimulate the realization of integrated quantum photonic devices based on non-resonant material media, fully integrable with current semiconductor technology and matching the relevant telecom band operational wavelengths, as an alternative to single-photon nonlinear devices based on cavity quantum electrodynamics with artificial atoms or single atomic-like emitters.
We investigate the quantum nonlinear dynamics of a resonantly excited photonic quantum dot embedding a quantum well in the strong exciton-photon coupling regime. Within a master equation approach, we study the polariton blockade effect due to polariton-polariton interactions as a function of the photonic dot geometry, spectral linewidths and energy detuning between quantum well exciton and confined photon mode. The second order coherence function ${g}^{(2)}(t,{t}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ and the photon antibunching are calculated for both continuous wave and pulsed excitations.