Hui Wang, Wei Li, Xiao Qiang Jiang, Yuming He, Y.-H. Li, Xing Ding, Minjia Chen, Jian Qin, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Christian Schneider, Martin Kamp, W. J. Zhang, Hao Li, Lixing You, Z. Wang, Jonathan P. Dowling, Sven Höfling, Chao‐Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan
Boson sampling is a well-defined task that is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be efficiently solved by a specific quantum simulator. However, an outstanding problem for large-scale experimental boson sampling is the scalability. Here we report an experiment on boson sampling with photon loss, and demonstrate that boson sampling with a few photons lost can increase the sampling rate. Our experiment uses a quantum-dot-micropillar single-photon source demultiplexed into up to seven input ports of a 16×16 mode ultralow-loss photonic circuit, and we detect three-, four- and fivefold coincidence counts. We implement and validate lossy boson sampling with one and two photons lost, and obtain sampling rates of 187, 13.6, and 0.78 kHz for five-, six-, and seven-photon boson sampling with two photons lost, which is 9.4, 13.9, and 18.0 times faster than the standard boson sampling, respectively. Our experiment shows an approach to significantly enhance the sampling rate of multiphoton boson sampling.
Boson sampling is a well-defined task that is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be efficiently solved by a specific quantum simulator. However, an outstanding problem for large-scale experimental boson sampling is the scalability. Here we report an experiment on boson sampling with photon loss, and demonstrate that boson sampling with a few photons lost can increase the sampling rate. Our experiment uses a quantum-dot-micropillar single-photon source demultiplexed into up to seven input ports of a 16×16 mode ultralow-loss photonic circuit, and we detect three-, four- and fivefold coincidence counts. We implement and validate lossy boson sampling with one and two photons lost, and obtain sampling rates of 187, 13.6, and 0.78 kHz for five-, six-, and seven-photon boson sampling with two photons lost, which is 9.4, 13.9, and 18.0 times faster than the standard boson sampling, respectively. Our experiment shows an approach to significantly enhance the sampling rate of multiphoton boson sampling.
Boson sampling is a well-defined task that is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be efficiently solved by a specific quantum simulator.However, an outstanding problem for largescale experimental boson sampling is the scalability.Here we report an experiment on boson sampling with photon loss, and demonstrate that boson sampling with a few photons lost can increase the sampling rate.Our experiment uses a quantum-dot-micropillar single-photon source demultiplexed into up to seven input ports of a 16 × 16 mode ultralow-loss photonic circuit, and we detect three-, four-and fivefold coincidence counts.We implement and validate lossy boson sampling with one and two photons lost, and obtain sampling rates of 187, 13.6, and 0.78 kHz for five-, six-, and seven-photon boson sampling with two photons lost, which is 9.4, 13.9, and 18.0 times faster than the standard boson sampling, respectively.Our experiment shows an approach to significantly enhance the sampling rate of multiphoton boson sampling.
Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate the quantum computational supremacy over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multi-port optical interferometers. Here, we develop two central components for high-performance boson sampling: robust multi-photon interferometers with 0.99 transmission rate, and actively demultiplexed single-photon sources from a quantum-dot-micropillar with simultaneously high efficiency, purity and indistinguishability. We implement and validate 3-, 4-, and 5-photon boson sampling, and achieve sampling rates of 4.96 kHz, 151 Hz, and 4 Hz, respectively, which are over 24,000 times faster than the previous experiments, and over 220 times faster than obtaining one sample through calculating the matrices permanent using the first electronic computer (ENIAC) and transistorized computer (TRADIC) in the human history. Our architecture is feasible to be scaled up to larger number of photons and with higher rate to race against classical computers, and might provide experimental evidence against the Extended Church-Turing Thesis.
Boson sampling is a problem strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be naturally solved on a specialized photonic quantum simulator. Here, we implement the first time-bin-encoded boson sampling using a highly indistinguishable (∼94%) single-photon source based on a single quantum-dot-micropillar device. The protocol requires only one single-photon source, two detectors, and a loop-based interferometer for an arbitrary number of photons. The single-photon pulse train is time-bin encoded and deterministically injected into an electrically programmable multimode network. The observed three- and four-photon boson sampling rates are 18.8 and 0.2 Hz, respectively, which are more than 100 times faster than previous experiments based on parametric down-conversion.
A boson-sampling device is a quantum machine expected to perform tasks intractable for a classical computer, yet requiring minimal nonclassical resources as compared to full-scale quantum computers. Photonic implementations to date employed sources based on inefficient processes that only simulate heralded single-photon statistics when strongly reducing emission probabilities. Boson sampling with only single-photon input has thus never been realized. Here, we report on a boson-sampling device operated with a bright solid-state source of single-photon Fock states with high photon-number purity: the emission from an efficient and deterministic quantum dot-micropillar system is demultiplexed into three partially indistinguishable single photons, with a single-photon purity 1-g^{(2)}(0) of 0.990±0.001, interfering in a linear optics network. Our demultiplexed source is between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude more efficient than current heralded multiphoton sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, allowing us to complete the boson-sampling experiment faster than previous equivalent implementations.
Multiphoton interference is at the very heart of quantum foundations and applications in quantum sensing and information processing. In particular, boson-sampling experiments have the potential to demonstrate quantum computational supremacy while relying on only multiphoton interference in linear optical interferometers. However, even when photonic losses are negligible, scalable experiments are challenged by the rapid decrease of the probability of the success of current schemes with probabilistic sources for a large number of single photons in each experimental sample. Remarkably, we show a boson sampling scheme in which the probability of success increases instead of decreasing with the number of input photons, eventually approaching a unit value even with nondeterministic sources. It is achieved by sampling measurements not only at the interferometer output but also over all the possible numbers of photons at each input port and, different from scattershot boson sampling, allowing a random number of occupied input ports from one experimental run to another. Therefore, these results provide an exciting route toward future demonstrations of quantum computational supremacy with scalable experimental resources.
Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate the “quantum advantage / supremacy” over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multi-port optical interferometers. In this talk, I will report two routes towards building Boson Sampling machines with many photons. In the first path, we developed SPDC two-photon source with simultaneously a collection efficiency of ~70% and an indistinguishability of ~91% between independent photons. With this, we demonstrate genuine entanglement of ten photons. Very recently, we managed to observe 12-photon entanglement using a novel SPDC source. Such a platform will provide enabling technologies for teleportation of multiple properties of photons and efficient scattershot boson sampling. In the second path, using a QD-micropillar, we produced single photons with high purity (>99%), near-unity indistinguishability for >1000 photons, and high extraction efficiency—all combined in a single device compatibly and simultaneously. We build 3-, 4-, and 5-bosonsampling machines which runs >24,000 times faster than all the previous experiments, and for the first time reaches a complexity about 100 times faster than the first electronic computer (ENIAC) and transistorized computer (TRADIC) in the human history. We are currently increasing the rate by optimizing the single-photon extraction efficiency to near unity, background-free resonance fluorescence, and using improved schemes such as boson sampling with photon loss, with the hope of achieving 20-photon boson sampling this year.