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Quantum Photonic Devices

Multi-photon quantum boson sampling on a semiconductor (Conference Presentation)

Chao Chen, Chao‐Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Sep 18, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate the “quantum advantage / supremacy” over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multi-port optical interferometers. In this talk, I will report two routes towards building Boson Sampling machines with many photons. In the first path, we developed SPDC two-photon source with simultaneously a collection efficiency of ~70% and an indistinguishability of ~91% between independent photons. With this, we demonstrate genuine entanglement of ten photons. Very recently, we managed to observe 12-photon entanglement using a novel SPDC source. Such a platform will provide enabling technologies for teleportation of multiple properties of photons and efficient scattershot boson sampling. In the second path, using a QD-micropillar, we produced single photons with high purity (>99%), near-unity indistinguishability for >1000 photons, and high extraction efficiency—all combined in a single device compatibly and simultaneously. We build 3-, 4-, and 5-bosonsampling machines which runs >24,000 times faster than all the previous experiments, and for the first time reaches a complexity about 100 times faster than the first electronic computer (ENIAC) and transistorized computer (TRADIC) in the human history. We are currently increasing the rate by optimizing the single-photon extraction efficiency to near unity, background-free resonance fluorescence, and using improved schemes such as boson sampling with photon loss, with the hope of achieving 20-photon boson sampling this year.

DOI
10.1117/12.2500532

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Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate the “quantum advantage / supremacy” over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multi-port optical interferometers. In this talk, I will report two routes towards building Boson Sampling machines with many photons. In the first path, we developed SPDC two-photon source with simultaneously a collection efficiency of ~70% and an indistinguishability of ~91% between independent photons. With this, we demonstrate genuine entanglement of ten photons. Very recently, we managed to observe 12-photon entanglement using a novel SPDC source. Such a platform will provide enabling technologies for teleportation of multiple properties of photons and efficient scattershot boson sampling. In the second path, using a QD-micropillar, we produced single photons with high purity (>99%), near-unity indistinguishability for >1000 photons, and high extraction efficiency—all combined in a single device compatibly and simultaneously. We build 3-, 4-, and 5-bosonsampling machines which runs >24,000 times faster than all the previous experiments, and for the first time reaches a complexity about 100 times faster than the first electronic computer (ENIAC) and transistorized computer (TRADIC) in the human history. We are currently increasing the rate by optimizing the single-photon extraction efficiency to near unity, background-free resonance fluorescence, and using improved schemes such as boson sampling with photon loss, with the hope of achieving 20-photon boson sampling this year.
Boson sampling is considered as a strong candidate to demonstrate the quantum computational supremacy over classical computers. However, previous proof-of-principle experiments suffered from small photon number and low sampling rates owing to the inefficiencies of the single-photon sources and multi-port optical interferometers. Here, we develop two central components for high-performance boson sampling: robust multi-photon interferometers with 0.99 transmission rate, and actively demultiplexed single-photon sources from a quantum-dot-micropillar with simultaneously high efficiency, purity and indistinguishability. We implement and validate 3-, 4-, and 5-photon boson sampling, and achieve sampling rates of 4.96 kHz, 151 Hz, and 4 Hz, respectively, which are over 24,000 times faster than the previous experiments, and over 220 times faster than obtaining one sample through calculating the matrices permanent using the first electronic computer (ENIAC) and transistorized computer (TRADIC) in the human history. Our architecture is feasible to be scaled up to larger number of photons and with higher rate to race against classical computers, and might provide experimental evidence against the Extended Church-Turing Thesis.
Boson sampling is a computational task strongly believed to be hard for classical computers, but efficiently solvable by orchestrated bosonic interference in a specialized quantum computer. Current experimental schemes, however, are still insufficient for a convincing demonstration of the advantage of quantum over classical computation. A new variation of this task, scattershot boson sampling, leads to an exponential increase in speed of the quantum device, using a larger number of photon sources based on parametric down-conversion. This is achieved by having multiple heralded single photons being sent, shot by shot, into different random input ports of the interferometer. We report the first scattershot boson sampling experiments, where six different photon-pair sources are coupled to integrated photonic circuits. We use recently proposed statistical tools to analyze our experimental data, providing strong evidence that our photonic quantum simulator works as expected. This approach represents an important leap toward a convincing experimental demonstration of the quantum computational supremacy.
A boson-sampling device is a quantum machine expected to perform tasks intractable for a classical computer, yet requiring minimal nonclassical resources as compared to full-scale quantum computers. Photonic implementations to date employed sources based on inefficient processes that only simulate heralded single-photon statistics when strongly reducing emission probabilities. Boson sampling with only single-photon input has thus never been realized. Here, we report on a boson-sampling device operated with a bright solid-state source of single-photon Fock states with high photon-number purity: the emission from an efficient and deterministic quantum dot-micropillar system is demultiplexed into three partially indistinguishable single photons, with a single-photon purity 1-g^{(2)}(0) of 0.990±0.001, interfering in a linear optics network. Our demultiplexed source is between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude more efficient than current heralded multiphoton sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, allowing us to complete the boson-sampling experiment faster than previous equivalent implementations.