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arXiv:1801.01910 · Quantum Information Processing

Quantum to classical one-way function and its applications in quantum money authentication

Amit Behera, Goutam Paul

Published Jun 29, 2018• 24 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s11128-018-1965-z

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We show that a simple eavesdropper listening in on classical communication between potentially entangled quantum parties will eventually be able to impersonate any of the parties. Furthermore, the attack is efficient if one-way puzzles do not exist. As a direct consequence, one-way puzzles are implied by reusable authentication schemes over classical channels with quantum pre-shared secrets that are potentially evolving. As an additional application, we show that any quantum money scheme that can be verified through only classical queries to any oracle cannot be information-theoretically secure. This significantly generalizes the prior work by Ananth, Hu, and Yuen (ASIACRYPT'23) where they showed the same but only for the specific case of random oracles. Therefore, verifying black-box constructions of quantum money inherently requires coherently evaluating the underlying cryptographic tools, which may be difficult for near-term quantum devices.
One-way functions are fundamental tools for cryptography. Until now, quantum one-way functions have several input-output categories such as “classical-to-classical,” “classical-to-quantum,” and “quantum-to-classical,” which are used for postquantum cryptography or quantum cryptography. However, there are still no intrinsic “quantum-to-quantum” quantum one-way functions. In this article, we propose the full quantum one-way function to design full quantum cryptographic schemes. By concatenating the “quantum-classical” one-way function and the rotation operation of single qubit, the full quantum one-way function has the input and output of quantum states. We prove its one-way property from “easy computation” and “computationally difficult to invert.” Then we apply the full quantum one-way function to quantum identity authentication. Security analysis shows that the proposed quantum identity authentication scheme based on the full quantum one-way function is secure even under active attacks.
Background: A new approach for the implementation of Quantum Cryptography is proposed in this paper. Quantum Cryptography has practicalweakness like lack of authentication, single photon generation and many realtime implementation problems.Thispaper also explainshowthedrawback ofBB84protocolis eliminatedby combiningClassicalCryptography and Quantum techniques. Methods: We analyze the usage ofDual Channel Interferometer technique and thereby fusing Quantum techniqueswith classicaltechnique.And their combination resultin the feasibility of authentication, and hacker identification, thereby introducing a novel method of QKD transmission. A quantum digital authentication scheme based on hash function is proposedinthispaper .The securityofthequantumprotocolliesonthe existenceofquantumonewayfunctionbyfundamental quantum principle. The practical difficulties in quantum control and quantum computation made quantum protocol hard to implement. The lack of authentication made the quantum protocol vulnerable to hackers. Introducing two level quantum system authentications can be achieved with the help of hash function. To guarantee the authenticity, hash codes are split into two parts and exchange of code is made through two quantum channels.This scheme uses a programmable polarizer ensuring the quantum one way function and removing the practical difficulties of quantum control and quantum computation. The proposed scheme presents a novel method to construct secure quantum authentication for future communication. Result: Dual channel implementation helps in implementing authentication in quantum BB84 protocol. We combined the advantages of quantum techniques and classical techniques and tried to implement a novel technique to ensure secure communication. Application: People use the ATM for transactions such as cash withdrawal, money transfer and payment of electricity and telephone bills. ATM is the most convenient to access the accounts and funding transactions. Personal Identification Number (PIN)is an important aspect of the current ATM system in providing security and it is a commonly used method in protecting the transaction of one’s account.By implementing above technique ATM pin transfer can be successfully made.Keyword: BB84, Classical Cryptography,Hash Codes,Hash Function, Quantum Channels Programmable Polarizer, Quantum Cryptography