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arXiv:1710.04483 · Physical Review A

Coherent control in quantum open systems: An approach for accelerating dissipation-based quantum state generation

Ye‐Hong Chen, Zhi‐Cheng Shi, Jie Song, Yan Xia, Shi‐Biao Zheng

Published Oct 23, 2017• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an approach to accelerate the dissipation dynamics for quantum state generation with Lyapunov control. The strategy is to add target-state-related coherent control fields into the dissipation process to intuitively improve the evolution speed. By applying the current approach, without losing the advantages of dissipation dynamics, the target stationary states can be generated in a much shorter time as compared to that via traditional dissipation dynamics. As a result, the current approach containing the advantages of coherent unitary dynamics and dissipation dynamics allows for a significant improvement in quantum state generation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.043853

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•Apr 18, 2018•1 citation
In this paper, we propose an approach to accelerate the dissipation dynamics for quantum state generation with Lyapunov control. The strategy is to add target-state-related coherent control fields into the dissipation process to intuitively improve the evolution speed. By applying the current approach, without losing the advantages of dissipation dynamics, the target stationary states can be generated in a much shorter time as compared to that via traditional dissipation dynamics. As a result, the current approach containing the advantages of coherent unitary dynamics and dissipation dynamics allows for a significant improvement in quantum state generation.
As is well known, the quantum evolution speed of quantum state can never be accelerated in the Markovian regime without any operators on the system. The Hamiltonian corrections induced by the action of coherent driving forces are often used to fight dissipative and decoherence mechanisms in experiments. For this reason, considering three noisy channels (the phase-flip channel, the amplitude damping channel and the depolarizing channel), we propose a scheme of speedup evolution of an open system by controlling an external unitary coherent driving operator on the system. It is shown that, in the presence of the coherent driving, no-speedup evolution can be transformed into quantum speedup evolution in the Markovian dynamics process. Additionally, under the fixed coherent driving strength in the above three noisy channels, the best way to achieve the most degree of quantum speedup for the system has been acquired by rotating the system with appropriate driving direction angles, respectively. Finally, we conclude that the reason for this acceleration is not the non-Markovian dynamical behavior of the system but due to the oscillation of geometric distance between the initial state and the target final state.
Quantum Lyapunov control was developed in order to transform a quantum system from arbitrary initial states to a target state. The idea is to find control fields that steer the Lyapunov function to zero as $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, meanwhile the quantum system is driven to the target state. In order to shorten the time required to reach the target state, we propose two designs to optimize Lyapunov control in this paper. The first design makes the Lyapunov function decrease as fast as possible with a constraint on the total power of control fields, and the second design has the same purpose but with a constraint on each control field. Examples of a three-level system demonstrate that the evolution time for Lyapunov control can be significantly shortened, especially when high control fidelity is required. Besides, this optimal Lyapunov-based quantum control is robust against uncertainties in the free Hamiltonian and decoherence in the system compared to conventional Lyapunov control. We apply our optimal design to cool a nanomechanical resonator where a shorter cooling time is found with respect to the cooling time by the conventional Lyapunov design.
Based on Lyapunov control, a scheme is proposed to accelerate dissipation dynamics for the generation of high-fidelity entanglement between two Rydberg atoms in the context of cavity QED. We first use quantum Zeno dynamics and the Rydberg antiblockade to find a unique steady state (two-atom singlet state) for the system. Then, we apply additional coherent control (ACC) fields to improve the evolution speed of the dissipative system. The ACC fields are designed based on the target state and they vanish gradually along with increasing of the fidelity; thus, the system is guaranteed to be finally stable. Additionally, the current accelerated scheme is checked to be robust against systematic and amplitude-noise errors.
Quantum computers have been widely speculated to offer significant advantages in obtaining the ground state of difficult Hamiltonian in chemistry and physics. In this work, we first propose a Lyapunov control-inspired strategy to accelerate the well-established imaginary-time method for ground-state preparation. We also dig for the source of acceleration of the imaginary-time process under Lyapunov control with theoretical understanding and dynamic process visualization. To make the method accessible in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, we further propose a variational form of the algorithm that could work with shallow quantum circuits. Through numerical experiments on a broad spectrum of realistic models, including molecular systems, 2D Heisenberg models, and Sherrington-Kirkpatrick models, we show that imaginary-time control may substantially accelerate the imaginary-time evolution for all systems and even generate orders of magnitude acceleration (suggesting order-of-magnitude acceleration) for challenging molecular Hamiltonians involving small energy gaps as impressive special cases. Finally, with a proper selection of the control Hamiltonian, the new variational quantum algorithm does not incur additional measurement costs compared to the original variational quantum imaginary-time algorithm.
Control by dissipation, or environment engineering, constitutes an important class of quantum coherent control methods which was proposed to improve robustness and scalability of quantum control systems. This paper aims to develop the theory for engineering the dissipation based on a ground-state Lyapunov stability analysis of the open quantum systems via a Heisenberg-picture approach. In particular, expressing the Lyapunov conditions as operator inequalities allows a purely algebraic treatment of the quantum environment engineering problem, which facilitates the integration of large-scale quantum coherent networks and could be used to draw an explicit connection to the theory of quantum Markov semigroups.
The assumption that physical systems relax to a stationary state in the long-time limit underpins statistical physics and much of our intuitive understanding of scientific phenomena. For isolated systems this follows from the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. When an environment is present the expectation is that all of phase space is explored, eventually leading to stationarity. Notable exceptions are decoherence-free subspaces that have important implications for quantum technologies. These have been studied for systems with a few degrees of freedom only. Here we identify simple and generic conditions for dissipation to prevent a quantum many-body system from ever reaching a stationary state. We go beyond dissipative quantum state engineering approaches towards controllable long-time non-stationary dynamics typically associated with macroscopic complex systems. This coherent and oscillatory evolution constitutes a dissipative version of a quantum time-crystal. We discuss the possibility of engineering such complex dynamics with fermionic ultracold atoms in optical lattices.