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arXiv:1709.08508 · Physical Review A

Quantum interface between a transmon qubit and spins of nitrogen-vacancy centers

Yaowen Hu, Yipu Song, Luming Duan

Published Dec 1, 2017• 12 citations
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Abstract

Hybrid quantum circuits combining advantages of each individual system have provided a promising platform for quantum information processing. Here we propose an experimental scheme to directly couple a transmon qubit to an individual spin in the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, with a coupling strength three orders of magnitude larger than that for a single spin coupled to a coplanar waveguide microwave cavity. This direct coupling between the transmon and the NV center could be utilized to make a transmon bus, leading to a coherently virtual exchange among different single spins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, by coupling a transmon to a low-density NV ensemble, a swap operation between the transmon and NV ensemble is feasible and a quantum nondemolition measurement on the state of the NV ensemble can be realized on the cavity-transmon-NV-ensemble hybrid system. Moreover, in this system, a virtual coupling can be achieved between the cavity and NV ensemble, which is much larger in magnitude than the direct coupling between the cavity and the NV ensemble. The photon state in the cavity can thus be stored into NV spins more efficiently through this virtual coupling.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.062301

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Hybrid quantum circuits combining advantages of each individual system have provided a promising platform for quantum information processing. Here we propose an experimental scheme to directly couple a transmon qubit to an individual spin in the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, with a coupling strength three orders of magnitude larger than that for a single spin coupled to a coplanar waveguide microwave cavity. This direct coupling between the transmon and the NV center could be utilized to make a transmon bus, leading to a coherently virtual exchange among different single spins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, by coupling a transmon to a low-density NV ensemble, a swap operation between the transmon and NV ensemble is feasible and a quantum nondemolition measurement on the state of the NV ensemble can be realized on the cavity-transmon-NV-ensemble hybrid system. Moreover, in this system, a virtual coupling can be achieved between the cavity and NV ensemble, which is much larger in magnitude than the direct coupling between the cavity and the NV ensemble. The photon state in the cavity can thus be stored into NV spins more efficiently through this virtual coupling.
We propose an efficient scheme for a coherent quantum interface between microwave and optical photons using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. In this setup, an NV center ensemble is simultaneously coupled to an optical and a microwave cavity. We show that, by using the collective spin excitation modes as an intermediary, quantum states can be transferred between the microwave cavity and the optical cavity through either a double-swap scheme or a dark-state protocol. This hybrid quantum interface may provide interesting applications in single microwave photon detections or quantum information processing.
We propose an effective scheme for realizing a Jaynes-Cummings model with the collective nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble (NVE) bosonic modes in a hybrid system. Specifically, the controllable transmon qubit can alternatively interact with one of the two NVEs, which results in the production of NNN-particle entangled states. Arbitrary NNN-particle entangled states, NOON states, NNN-dimensional entangled states, and entangled coherent states are demonstrated. Realistic imperfections and decoherence effects are analyzed via numerical simulation. Since no cavity photons or excited levels of the NV center are populated during the whole process, our scheme is insensitive to cavity decay and the spin dephasing effect of the NVE. The idea provides a scalable way to realize NVE-circuit cavity quantum information processing with current technology.
We propose a scheme to perform quantum information transfer based on hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding in superconducting quantum circuits. The hybrid qubit consists of a nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensemble coherently coupled to a microwave photon confined in a frequency tunable superconducting co-planar waveguide cavity. The spin ensemble-cavity hybrid system forms quantum nodes capable of sending, receiving, storing, and releasing photonic quantum information by the hybrid encoding. Quantum information transfer between distinct nodes is achieved by the coherent exchange of a single photon. We show the faithful transfer of an arbitrary superposition hybrid quantum state between two separate identical nodes via coherent control on the system’s dynamics. The protocol may have interesting applications in quantum networking with this hybrid spin-photon structure.
We demonstrate strong coupling in a solid-state hybrid quantum system comprising a fixed-frequency coplanar-waveguide resonator, a superconducting transmon qubit, and an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Frequency-domain spectroscopy reveals a characteristic three-mode avoided crossing, consistent with excitations being distributed across all three subsystems through hybridized eigenmodes. At higher probe powers, we observe nonlinear features and signatures of transmon- N 14 nuclear-spin interactions, highlighting the accessibility of higher-excitation manifolds in this architecture. These results establish an experimentally accessible regime of hybrid cavity QED that integrates superconducting and spin degrees of freedom, providing a platform for exploring complex multicomponent dynamics and developing hybrid quantum interfaces.
We report the experimental realization of a hybrid quantum circuit combining a superconducting qubit and an ensemble of electronic spins. The qubit, of the transmon type, is coherently coupled to the spin ensemble consisting of nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal via a frequency-tunable superconducting resonator acting as a quantum bus. Using this circuit, we prepare a superposition of the qubit states that we store into collective excitations of the spin ensemble and retrieve back into the qubit later on. These results constitute a proof of concept of spin-ensemble based quantum memory for superconducting qubits.
We propose an efficient scheme for generating entangled states between a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond and a superconducting qubit in a hybrid set-up. In this device, the NV centre and the superconducting qubit couple to a nanomechanical resonator and a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity, respectively, while the microwave cavity and the mechanical resonator are parametrically coupled with a tunable coupling strength. We show that, highly entangled states between the NV centre and the superconducting qubit can be achieved, by means of the Jaynes–Cummings interactions in the NV-resonator and qubit-cavity subsystems which transfer the entanglement between the vibration phonons and the cavity photons to the NV centre and the superconducting qubit. This work may provide interesting applications in quantum computation and communication with single NV spins and superconducting qubits.