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Journal of Modern Optics

Quantum information transfer with hybrid NV center-photon qubit encoding

Xueqin Li, Sheng-li Ma, Fuli Li, Shaoyan Gao, Hongrong Li, Fuli Li

Published Dec 3, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme to perform quantum information transfer based on hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding in superconducting quantum circuits. The hybrid qubit consists of a nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensemble coherently coupled to a microwave photon confined in a frequency tunable superconducting co-planar waveguide cavity. The spin ensemble-cavity hybrid system forms quantum nodes capable of sending, receiving, storing, and releasing photonic quantum information by the hybrid encoding. Quantum information transfer between distinct nodes is achieved by the coherent exchange of a single photon. We show the faithful transfer of an arbitrary superposition hybrid quantum state between two separate identical nodes via coherent control on the system’s dynamics. The protocol may have interesting applications in quantum networking with this hybrid spin-photon structure.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2014.986550

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We propose a scheme to perform quantum information transfer based on hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding in superconducting quantum circuits. The hybrid qubit consists of a nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensemble coherently coupled to a microwave photon confined in a frequency tunable superconducting co-planar waveguide cavity. The spin ensemble-cavity hybrid system forms quantum nodes capable of sending, receiving, storing, and releasing photonic quantum information by the hybrid encoding. Quantum information transfer between distinct nodes is achieved by the coherent exchange of a single photon. We show the faithful transfer of an arbitrary superposition hybrid quantum state between two separate identical nodes via coherent control on the system’s dynamics. The protocol may have interesting applications in quantum networking with this hybrid spin-photon structure.
Quantum entanglement is a kernel of quantum computation and quantum communication. We introduce a theoretical scheme to achieve the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes in a hybrid system. The proposed hybrid system based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin ensemble is coherently coupled to a superconducting quantum circuit consisting of two quantum nodes and a quantum channel. Each node in our setup is composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator. The NV center spin ensemble composed of N identical and non-interacting NV spins, is placed in the magnetic field antinode of the superconducting coplanar resonator where the coupling is maximized. An array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is inserted in the central conductor of resonator to make its frequency tunable with the magnetic flux threading through the SQUID loops. This flux is generated by passing current through an on-chip wire, so that the resonator can be brought in resonance with the NV center spins without changing their Zeeman splitting. Quantum qubits encoded into two separate nodes are connected by a vacuum superconducting coplanar resonator that is used as a quantum channel. This setup can potentially take the best elements of each individual system:NV center spin ensemble with longer coherence time capable of preparing, storing and releasing photonic quantum information, and the superconducting quantum circuits are easy to manipulate externally and can perform quantum logic gates to control quantum information rapidly. In order to realize the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes, firstly, we make a canonical transformation and obtain the Hamiltonian of the system that is reduced to two NV center spin ensembles resonantly coupled to a single mode of the superconducting coplanar resonator. Then we put forward the hybrid NV center spin-photon qubit encoding. In this hybrid encoding, the NV center spin and photon degrees of freedom enter on an equal footing into the definition of the qubit, in which case, quantum channel will switch on when three superconducting coplanar resonators are in resonance with each other, and all the manipulations can perform simply by tuning the frequencies of the superconducting coplanar resonators. Under the precise control of the evolution time, high fidelity entanglement between two separated quantum nodes is achieved. We show that this proposal can provide high fidelity quantum entanglement under realistic conditions, both in the resonant and the dispersive interaction cases. This hybrid quantum system will exhibit long coherence time and possess features like easy fabrication, integratability, and potential scalability. Furthermore, the quantum node composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator can be respectively integrated, which has practical applications in the realization of quantum information transmission and quantum entanglement among multiple quantum nodes.
We propose an efficient scheme for transferring quantum states and generating entangled states between two qubits of different nature. The hybrid system consists of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center and a superconducting (SC) qubit, which couple to an optical cavity and a microwave resonator, respectively. Meanwhile, the optical cavity and the microwave resonator are coupled via the electro-optic effect. By adjusting the relative parameters, we can achieve high-fidelity quantum state transfer as well as highly entangled states between the NV center and the SC qubit. This protocol is within the reach of currently available techniques, and may provide interesting applications in quantum communication and computation with single NV centers and SC qubits.
In hybrid quantum systems, a controllable coupling can be obtained by mediating the interactions with dynamically introduced photons. We propose a hybrid quantum architecture consisting of two nitrogen vacancy center ensembles coupled to a tunable flux qubit, which is contained on the transmission line of a multimode nonlinear superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator with an appended Josephson mixing device. We discuss the use of entangled propagating microwaves photons, which through our nonlinear wave-mixing procedure are made into macroscopically distinct quantum states. We use these states to steer the system and show that, with further amplification, we can create a similar photonic state, which has a more distinct reduction of its uncertainty. Furthermore, we show that all of this leads to a lengthened coherence time, a reasonable fidelity that decays to 0.94 and then later increases upward to stabilize at 0.6, as well as a strengthened entanglement.
Transfer of quantum states between distant nodes is one of the most important preconditions for realizing large-scale quantum information processing. We here propose two ways to transfer an arbitrary quantum state between two separated superconducting cavities coupled to an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV ensemble). By using the double-swap scheme and theory of the dispersive regime, quantum states can be deterministically transferred between two superconducting cavities. With current hybrid circuit QED technology, the numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate that the single-photon state and cat state can be high-fidelity transferred between two superconducting cavities.
We propose an efficient scheme for a coherent quantum interface between microwave and optical photons using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. In this setup, an NV center ensemble is simultaneously coupled to an optical and a microwave cavity. We show that, by using the collective spin excitation modes as an intermediary, quantum states can be transferred between the microwave cavity and the optical cavity through either a double-swap scheme or a dark-state protocol. This hybrid quantum interface may provide interesting applications in single microwave photon detections or quantum information processing.
Hybrid quantum circuits combining advantages of each individual system have provided a promising platform for quantum information processing. Here we propose an experimental scheme to directly couple a transmon qubit to an individual spin in the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, with a coupling strength three orders of magnitude larger than that for a single spin coupled to a coplanar waveguide microwave cavity. This direct coupling between the transmon and the NV center could be utilized to make a transmon bus, leading to a coherently virtual exchange among different single spins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, by coupling a transmon to a low-density NV ensemble, a swap operation between the transmon and NV ensemble is feasible and a quantum nondemolition measurement on the state of the NV ensemble can be realized on the cavity-transmon-NV-ensemble hybrid system. Moreover, in this system, a virtual coupling can be achieved between the cavity and NV ensemble, which is much larger in magnitude than the direct coupling between the cavity and the NV ensemble. The photon state in the cavity can thus be stored into NV spins more efficiently through this virtual coupling.