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arXiv:1709.06959 · Physical Review Applied

Polarization Control of Linear Dipole Radiation Using an Optical Nanofiber

Maxime Joos, Chengjie Ding, Vivien Loo, Guillaume Blanquer, E. Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, Valentina Krachmalnicoff, Quentin C. Glorieux

Published Jun 21, 2018• 28 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Complete control of photon emission at the nanoscale is crucial for scalable quantum technology. Control over the polarization of light is traditionally achieved $a$ $p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i$ using birefringent optics, but this work takes a different approach by intrinsically altering the polarization $e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$ by a source. The authors use a nanofiber's evanescent field to induce radiation of arbitrary polarization by a linear dipole emitter in a waveguide, potentially spanning the entire Poincar\'e sphere. This remarkable manifestation of the mapping of an emitter's purely geometrical degrees of freedom to the polarization states of its emission opens the door to applications in nanophotonics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.9.064035

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Complete control of photon emission at the nanoscale is crucial for scalable quantum technology. Control over the polarization of light is traditionally achieved aaa p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i using birefringent optics, but this work takes a different approach by intrinsically altering the polarization e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d by a source. The authors use a nanofiber's evanescent field to induce radiation of arbitrary polarization by a linear dipole emitter in a waveguide, potentially spanning the entire Poincar'e sphere. This remarkable manifestation of the mapping of an emitter's purely geometrical degrees of freedom to the polarization states of its emission opens the door to applications in nanophotonics.
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Summary form only given. Controlling the interaction of light and matter is the basis for diverse applications ranging from light technology to quantum information processing. Nowadays, many of these applications are based on nanophotonic structures. It turns out that the confinement of light in such nanostructures imposes an inherent link between its local polarization and its propagation direction, also referred to as spin-momentum locking of light [1]. Remarkably, this leads to chiral, i.e., propagation direction-dependent effects in the emission and absorption of light, and elementary processes of light-matter interaction are fundamentally altered. For example, when coupling plasmonic particles or atoms to evanescent fields, the intrinsic mirror symmetry of the particles' emission can be broken. In our group, we observed this effect in the interaction between single rubidium atoms and the evanescent part of a light field that is confined by continuous total internal reflection in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator [2]. In the following, this allowed us to realize chiral nanophotonic interfaces in which the emission direction of light into the structure is controlled by the polarization of the excitation light [3] or by the internal quantum state of the emitter [4], respectively. Moreover, we employed this chiral interaction to demonstrate an integrated optical isolator [5] as well as an integrated optical circulator [6] which operate at the single-photon level and which exhibit low loss. The latter are the first two examples of a new class of nonreciprocal nanophotonic devices which exploit the chiral interaction between single quantum emitters and transversally confined photons.
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Abstract We experimentally demonstrate the emission polarization dependence of fluorescence photons from quantum dots (QDs) coupled to an optical nanofiber tip (ONFT). We observe a maximum degree of polarization of 29 (±2)%. Simulations are performed to determine the polarization response for a dipole source (DS) on the facet and the side of the ONFT. Considering the real ONFT geometry, simulations are performed to determine the polarization response for the DS on the facet and the side of a tapered ONFT. The experimentally measured results show correspondence with the simulation-predicted results. The present fiber-coupled polarization-controlled system paves the way in quantum information science as it is a key ingredient for such applications.