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arXiv:1707.09385 · The European Physical Journal Special Topics

Exploring quantum phase slips in 1D bosonic systems

Simona Scaffidi Abbate, Lorenzo Gori, M. Inguscio, Giovanni Carlo Modugno, Chiara D’Errico

Published Jul 1, 2017• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjst/e2016-60381-0

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We use a 1D model of a superfluid based on the Gross-Pitaevskii Lagrangian to illustrate a general numerical method designed to find quantum tunneling rates in extended bosonic systems. Specifically, we study flow past an obstacle and directly solve the imaginary time dynamics to find the ``bounce'' solution connected with the decay of the metastable laminar state via phase slip nucleation. The action for the tunneling configuration goes to zero at the threshold (in superfluid velocity) for classical production of these slips. Applications to other processes are briefly discussed.
We study superflow decay via quantum phase slips in trapped one-dimensional (1D) quantum gases through dipole oscillations induced by sudden displacement of the trapping potential. We find the relation between the damping rate of the dipole oscillation G and the phase-slip nucleation rate Γ as G∝Γ/v, where v is the flow velocity. This relation allows us to show that damping of 1D Bose gases in optical lattices, which has been extensively studied in experiment, is due to quantum phase slips. It is also found that the damping rate versus the flow velocity obeys the scaling formula for an impurity potential even in the absence of an explicit impurity. We suggest that the damping rate at a finite temperature exhibits a universal crossover behavior upon changing the flow velocity.