arXiv:1707.03512 · Physical Review A

Stretching p -wave molecules by transverse confinements

Lihong Zhou, Xiaoling Cui

Published Sep 20, 2017• 27 citations

Abstract

We revisit the confinement-induced $p$-wave resonance in quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) atomic gases and study the induced molecules near resonance. We derive the reduced 1D interaction parameters and show that they can well predict the binding energy of shallow molecules in quasi-1D system. Importantly, these shallow molecules are found to be much more spatially extended compared to those in three dimensions (3D) without transverse confinement. Our results strongly indicate that a $p$-wave interacting atomic gas can be much more stable in quasi-1D near the induced $p$-wave resonance, where most weight of the molecule lies outside the short-range regime and thus the atom loss could be suppressed.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.96.030701

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Confinement-induced resonances (CIR) in quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) systems have been theoretically predicted and observed in various ultracold atomic gases. Here a regularized local frame transformation method is developed to treat CIR in a quasi-1D system that has an arbitrary transverse trap shape in general. The method is applied to predict the CIR position in a system having a square transverse geometry with hard walls.

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arXiv:1707.03512 · Physical Review A

Stretching p -wave molecules by transverse confinements

Lihong Zhou, Xiaoling Cui

Published Sep 20, 2017• 27 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

We revisit the confinement-induced

p

-wave resonance in quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) atomic gases and study the induced molecules near resonance. We derive the reduced 1D interaction parameters and show that they can well predict the binding energy of shallow molecules in quasi-1D system. Importantly, these shallow molecules are found to be much more spatially extended compared to those in three dimensions (3D) without transverse confinement. Our results strongly indicate that a

p

-wave interacting atomic gas can be much more stable in quasi-1D near the induced

p

-wave resonance, where most weight of the molecule lies outside the short-range regime and thus the atom loss could be suppressed.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.96.030701

Related papers

Suppression of Three-Body Loss Near a p-Wave Resonance Due to Quasi-1D Confinement

Andrew Marcum, Francisco Fonta, Arif Mawardi Ismail +1 more

We investigate the three-body recombination rate of a Fermi gas of $^6$ Li atoms confined in quasi-1D near a $p$ -wave Feshbach resonance. We confirm that the quasi-1D loss rate constant $K_3$ follows the predicted threshold scaling law that $K_3$ is energy independent on resonance, and find consistency with the scaling law $K_3 \propto (k \, a_{1D})^6$ far from resonance [Mehta et al. Phys. Rev. A 76, 022711 (2007)]. Further we develop a theory based on Breit-Wigner analysis that describes the loss feature for intermediate fields. Lastly we measure how the loss rate constant scales with transverse confinement and find that $K_3 \propto V_L^{-1}$ , where $V_L$ is the lattice depth. Importantly, at our attainable transverse confinements and temperatures, we see a 74-fold suppression of the on-resonant three-body loss rate constant in quasi-1D compared to 3D. With significant further enhancement of the transverse confinement, this suppression may pave the way for realizing stable $p$ -wave superfluids.We investigate the three-body recombination rate of a Fermi gas of $^6$Li atoms confined in quasi-1D near a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance. We confirm that the quasi-1D loss rate constant $K_3$ follows the predicted threshold scaling law that $K_3$ is energy independent on resonance, and find consistency with the scaling law $K_3 \propto (k \, a_{1D})^6$ far from resonance [Mehta et al. Phys. Rev. A 76, 022711 (2007)]. Further we develop a theory based on Breit-Wigner analysis that describes the loss feature for intermediate fields. Lastly we measure how the loss rate constant scales with transverse confinement and find that $K_3 \propto V_L^{-1}$, where $V_L$ is the lattice depth. Importantly, at our attainable transverse confinements and temperatures, we see a 74-fold suppression of the on-resonant three-body loss rate constant in quasi-1D compared to 3D. With significant further enhancement of the transverse confinement, this suppression may pave the way for realizing stable $p$-wave superfluids.

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Experimental conditions for obtaining halo p -wave dimers in quasi-one-dimension

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Suppression of Quantum Scattering in Strongly Confined Systems

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We demonstrate that scattering of particles strongly interacting in three dimensions (3D) can be suppressed at low energies in a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) confinement. The underlying mechanism is the interference of the s- and p-wave scattering contributions with large s- and p-wave 3D scattering lengths being a necessary prerequisite. This low-dimensional quantum scattering effect might be useful in "interacting" quasi-1D ultracold atomic gases, guided atom interferometry, and impurity scattering in strongly confined quantum wire-based electronic devices.We demonstrate that scattering of particles strongly interacting in three dimensions (3D) can be suppressed at low energies in a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) confinement. The underlying mechanism is the interference of the s- and p-wave scattering contributions with large s- and p-wave 3D scattering lengths being a necessary prerequisite. This low-dimensional quantum scattering effect might be useful in "interacting" quasi-1D ultracold atomic gases, guided atom interferometry, and impurity scattering in strongly confined quantum wire-based electronic devices.

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Collisional Loss of One-Dimensional Fermions Near a p -Wave Feshbach Resonance

Ya-Ting Chang, Ruwan Senaratne, Danyel Cavazos-Cavazos +1 more

We study collisional loss of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-polarized Fermi gas near a p-wave Feshbach resonance in ultracold ^{6}Li atoms. We measure the location of the p-wave resonance in quasi-1D and observe a confinement-induced shift and broadening. We find that the three-body loss coefficient L_{3} as a function of the quasi-1D confinement has little dependence on confinement strength. We also analyze the atom loss with a two-step cascade three-body loss model in which weakly bound dimers are formed prior to their loss arising from atom-dimer collisions. Our data are consistent with this model. We also find a possible suppression in the rate of dimer relaxation with strong quasi-1D confinement. We discuss the implications of these measurements for observing p-wave pairing in quasi-1D.We study collisional loss of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-polarized Fermi gas near a p-wave Feshbach resonance in ultracold ^{6}Li atoms. We measure the location of the p-wave resonance in quasi-1D and observe a confinement-induced shift and broadening. We find that the three-body loss coefficient L_{3} as a function of the quasi-1D confinement has little dependence on confinement strength. We also analyze the atom loss with a two-step cascade three-body loss model in which weakly bound dimers are formed prior to their loss arising from atom-dimer collisions. Our data are consistent with this model. We also find a possible suppression in the rate of dimer relaxation with strong quasi-1D confinement. We discuss the implications of these measurements for observing p-wave pairing in quasi-1D.

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D. Blume, Debraj Rakshit

Full three-dimensional (3D) calculations of small two-component Fermi gases under highly elongated confinement, in which unlike fermions interact through short-range potentials with variable atom-atom $s$ -wave scattering length, are performed using the correlated Gaussian approach. In addition, microscopic one-dimensional (1D) calculations are performed for effective ``atomic'' and ``molecular'' 1D model Hamiltonian. Comparisons of the 3D and 1D energies and excitation frequencies establish the validity regimes of the effective 1D Hamiltonian. Our numerical results for three- and four-particle systems suggest that the effective 1D atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions are to a good approximation determined by simple analytical expressions. Implications for the description of quasi-1D Fermi gases within strict 1D frameworks are discussed.Full three-dimensional (3D) calculations of small two-component Fermi gases under highly elongated confinement, in which unlike fermions interact through short-range potentials with variable atom-atom $s$-wave scattering length, are performed using the correlated Gaussian approach. In addition, microscopic one-dimensional (1D) calculations are performed for effective ``atomic'' and ``molecular'' 1D model Hamiltonian. Comparisons of the 3D and 1D energies and excitation frequencies establish the validity regimes of the effective 1D Hamiltonian. Our numerical results for three- and four-particle systems suggest that the effective 1D atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions are to a good approximation determined by simple analytical expressions. Implications for the description of quasi-1D Fermi gases within strict 1D frameworks are discussed.

arXiv:0901.3862Physical Review AJul 1, 20098 citations

Quasi-one-dimensional scattering with general transverse two-dimensional confinement

Chen Zhang, Chris H. Greene

arXiv:1304.8094Physical Review AJul 30, 201314 citations

We revisit the confinement-induced

p

p

-wave interacting atomic gas can be much more stable in quasi-1D near the induced

p

-wave resonance, where most weight of the molecule lies outside the short-range regime and thus the atom loss could be suppressed.

We investigate the three-body recombination rate of a Fermi gas of

^6

Li atoms confined in quasi-1D near a

p

-wave Feshbach resonance. We confirm that the quasi-1D loss rate constant

K_3

follows the predicted threshold scaling law that

K_3

is energy independent on resonance, and find consistency with the scaling law

K_3 \propto (k \, a_{1D})^6

far from resonance [Mehta et al. Phys. Rev. A 76, 022711 (2007)]. Further we develop a theory based on Breit-Wigner analysis that describes the loss feature for intermediate fields. Lastly we measure how the loss rate constant scales with transverse confinement and find that

K_3 \propto V_L^{-1}

, where

V_L

is the lattice depth. Importantly, at our attainable transverse confinements and temperatures, we see a 74-fold suppression of the on-resonant three-body loss rate constant in quasi-1D compared to 3D. With significant further enhancement of the transverse confinement, this suppression may pave the way for realizing stable

p

-wave superfluids.

We calculate the binding energy and closed-channel fraction of

p

-wave Feshbach molecules in quasi-one-dimension (quasi-1D) by examining the poles of the

p

-wave

S

matrix. We show that under the right experimental conditions, the quasi-1D

p

-wave molecule behaves like a halo dimer with a closed-channel fraction approaching 0 at resonance and a binding energy following the universal relation ${E}_{b}\ensuremath{\sim}1/{a}_{1\mathrm{D}}^{2}$, where

{a}_{1\mathrm{D}}

is the 1D scattering length. We calculate these experimental conditions for both

^{6}\mathrm{Li}

and

^{40}\mathrm{K}

over a range of transverse confinements. We expect that in this halo dimer regime the three-body loss associated with the

p

-wave Feshbach resonance will be greatly suppressed, potentially allowing for a stable

p

-wave superfluid to be created. For an easy comparison between the three-dimensional and the quasi-1D cases, we provide the same pole analysis of the Feshbach molecules applied to the three-dimensional

p

-wave resonance and show that there is a qualitative difference between the two.

s

-wave scattering length, are performed using the correlated Gaussian approach. In addition, microscopic one-dimensional (1D) calculations are performed for effective ``atomic'' and ``molecular'' 1D model Hamiltonian. Comparisons of the 3D and 1D energies and excitation frequencies establish the validity regimes of the effective 1D Hamiltonian. Our numerical results for three- and four-particle systems suggest that the effective 1D atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions are to a good approximation determined by simple analytical expressions. Implications for the description of quasi-1D Fermi gases within strict 1D frameworks are discussed.