Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1707.02730 · Nature Communications

Coupling ultracold atoms to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator

H. Hattermann, Daniel Bothner, L. Y. Ley, B. Ferdinand, D. Wiedmaier, L. Sárkány, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, J. Fortágh

Published Dec 16, 2017• 70 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Ensembles of trapped atoms interacting with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories, novel quantum gates, and interfaces between the microwave and optical regime. Here, we demonstrate coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold Rb ground-state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar resonator on an integrated atom chip. When the cavity is driven off-resonance from the atomic transition, the microwave field strength in the cavity can be measured through observation of the AC shift of the atomic hyperfine transition frequency. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atoms, we observe Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states, demonstrating coherent control of the atomic states through the cavity field. These observations enable the preparation of coherent atomic superposition states, which are required for the implementation of an atomic quantum memory.

DOI
10.1038/s41467-017-02439-7

Related papers

Coupling ultracold atoms to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator

H. Hattermann, Daniel Bothner, Li Yuan Ley +6 more

Abstract Ensembles of trapped atoms interacting with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories, novel quantum gates, and interfaces between the microwave and optical regime. Here, we demonstrate coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold Rb ground-state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar resonator on an integrated atom chip. When the cavity is driven off-resonance from the atomic transition, the microwave field strength in the cavity can be measured through observation of the AC shift of the atomic hyperfine transition frequency. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atoms, we observe Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states, demonstrating coherent control of the atomic states through the cavity field. These observations enable the preparation of coherent atomic superposition states, which are required for the implementation of an atomic quantum memory.

•Jan 1, 2017•55 citations

Coupling of Rydberg atoms to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator for a quantum memory device

Li Yuan Ley

Ultracold atoms in their ground states are well-isolated quantum systems offering long coherence times. Hence, ensembles of trapped atoms coupling with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories. Here, we demonstrate the coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold 87Rb ground state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atomic transition, we observed Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states. This showed the capability in coherent controlling of the atomic states through the cavity field. When driving the cavity on-resonance with the atomic transition, the AC stark shift is observed. This showed the microwave field strength in the cavity seen by atoms. Strong interaction strength of Rydberg atoms in the microwave transition regime has been proposed as an interface during quantum memory writing. Here, we also describe the implementation of a Rydberg system into our experimental setup.

•Oct 16, 2018•0 citations

Cavity-driven Rabi oscillations between Rydberg states of atoms trapped on a superconducting atom chip

Manuel Kaiser, Conny Glaser, Li Yuan Ley +8 more

Hybrid quantum systems involving cold atoms and microwave resonators can enable cavity-mediated infinite-range interactions between atomic spin systems and realize atomic quantum memories and transducers for microwave-to-optical conversion. To achieve strong coupling of atoms to on-chip microwave resonators, it was suggested to use atomic Rydberg states with strong electric-dipole transitions. Here we report on the experimental realization of coherent coupling of a Rydberg transition of ultracold atoms, trapped on an integrated superconducting atom chip, to the microwave field of an on-chip coplanar waveguide resonator. Close to the chip surface, stray electric fields lead to inhomogeneous Rydberg level shifts, which would hinder coherent interactions of atoms in a cloud with the Rydberg excitation lasers and the microwave cavity field. We, however, use optical excitation of a Rydberg state of atoms in a narrow layer with nearly constant electric field, which allows for resonant coupling of the atoms to the cavity microwave field on an appropriate Rydberg transition. We also achieve state-selective detection of the energetically close Rydberg states. We then observe and characterize cavity-driven Rabi oscillations between a pair of atomic Rydberg states. The residual damping of the oscillations is dominated by the spread of Rabi frequencies of atoms in different positions of the resonant cavity mode, as revealed by our model. Despite the technical challenges, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of coherent-state manipulation of Rydberg atoms interacting with superconducting circuits, paving the way for realization of capable hybrid quantum systems.

arXiv:2105.05188•Physical Review Research•Mar 18, 2022•33 citations

Strong Magnetic Coupling of an Ultracold Gas to a Superconducting Waveguide Cavity

J. Verdú, Hashem Zoubi, Christian Koller +3 more

Placing an ensemble of 10;{6} ultracold atoms in the near field of a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator with a quality factor Q approximately 10;{6}, one can achieve strong coupling between a single microwave photon in the coplanar waveguide resonator and a collective hyperfine qubit state in the ensemble with g_{eff}/2pi approximately 40 kHz larger than the cavity linewidth of kappa/2pi approximately 7 kHz. Integrated on an atomchip, such a system constitutes a hybrid quantum device, which also can be used to interconnect solid-state and atomic qubits, study and control atomic motion via the microwave field, observe microwave superradiance, build an integrated micromaser, or even cool the resonator field via the atoms.

arXiv:0809.2552•Physical Review Letters•Jul 24, 2009•248 citations

Coherent manipulation of ultracold atoms with microwave near-fields

Pascal Böhi

The spectacular progress in the field of ultracold quantum gases is intimately connected with the availability of sophisticated techniques for quantum-level control of internal states, motional states, and collisional interactions. Atom chips provide such control in compact, robust, and scalable setups, which makes them attractive for both applications and fundamental studies. In this thesis I report on experiments that use a new method for coherent manipulation of ultracold atoms. The method is based on microwave near-fields, provided by a waveguide structure that is fully integrated on an atom chip. We generate microwave near-field potentials that combine the versatility of optical traps with the robustness and tailorability of static magnetic microtraps. These potentials depend on the internal atomic state, and we use them for state-selective splitting of Rb Bose-Einstein condensates. We show for the first time combined coherent manipulation of internal and motional states on an atom chip, realizing a trapped-atom interferometer with internal state labeling of the interferometer paths. Moreover, we use microwave near-field potentials for the preparation of spin-squeezed states for quantum-enhanced metrology through controlling state-dependent collisional interactions. In addition, very promising proposals exist for the implementation of a quantum phase gate using these potentials. Measuring microwave fields is important for engineering of microwave devices as well as in science, e.g. to characterize the field homogeneity in the interaction regions of an atomic clock. We develop a novel technique that uses clouds of uncondensed ultracold atoms as sensitive, tunable and non-invasive probes for microwave field imaging with micrometer spatial resolution. The microwave magnetic field components drive Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions whose frequency can be tuned with a static magnetic field. Readout is accomplished using state-selective absorption imaging. Quantitative data extraction is simple and it is possible to reconstruct the amplitudes and phases of the different microwave magnetic field components. While we demonstrate 2D imaging, an extension to 3D imaging is straightforward. We use the method to determine the microwave near-field distribution around the on-chip waveguide and reconstruct the corresponding current distribution. For our experimental parameters, the method provides a microwave magnetic field sensitivity of 0.2 mG, which can even be improved further with variants discussed. The experiments presented in this thesis open the path for the realization of portable quantum-enhanced interferometer devices, the implementation of a quantum phase gate as well as for a new generation of microwave field sensors.

•Jan 1, 2010•4 citations

Coupling Rydberg Atoms to Microwave Fields in a Superconducting Coplanar Waveguide Resonator

A. A. Morgan, S. D. Hogan

Rydberg helium atoms traveling in pulsed supersonic beams have been coupled to microwave fields in a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator. The atoms were initially prepared in the 1s55s ^{3}S_{1} Rydberg level by two-color two-photon laser excitation from the metastable 1s2s ^{3}S_{1} level. Two-photon microwave transitions between the 1s55s ^{3}S_{1} and 1s56s ^{3}S_{1} levels were then driven by the 19.556 GHz third-harmonic microwave field in a quarter-wave CPW resonator. This superconducting microwave resonator was fabricated from niobium nitride on a silicon substrate and operated at temperatures between 3.65 and 4.30 K. The populations of the Rydberg levels in the experiments were determined by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization. The coherence of the atom-resonator coupling was studied by time-domain measurements of Rabi oscillations.

arXiv:1911.05513•Physical Review Letters•May 12, 2020•45 citations
Ensembles of trapped atoms interacting with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories, novel quantum gates, and interfaces between the microwave and optical regime. Here, we demonstrate coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold Rb ground-state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar resonator on an integrated atom chip. When the cavity is driven off-resonance from the atomic transition, the microwave field strength in the cavity can be measured through observation of the AC shift of the atomic hyperfine transition frequency. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atoms, we observe Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states, demonstrating coherent control of the atomic states through the cavity field. These observations enable the preparation of coherent atomic superposition states, which are required for the implementation of an atomic quantum memory.
Abstract Ensembles of trapped atoms interacting with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories, novel quantum gates, and interfaces between the microwave and optical regime. Here, we demonstrate coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold Rb ground-state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar resonator on an integrated atom chip. When the cavity is driven off-resonance from the atomic transition, the microwave field strength in the cavity can be measured through observation of the AC shift of the atomic hyperfine transition frequency. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atoms, we observe Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states, demonstrating coherent control of the atomic states through the cavity field. These observations enable the preparation of coherent atomic superposition states, which are required for the implementation of an atomic quantum memory.
Ultracold atoms in their ground states are well-isolated quantum systems offering long coherence times. Hence, ensembles of trapped atoms coupling with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories. Here, we demonstrate the coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold 87Rb ground state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atomic transition, we observed Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states. This showed the capability in coherent controlling of the atomic states through the cavity field. When driving the cavity on-resonance with the atomic transition, the AC stark shift is observed. This showed the microwave field strength in the cavity seen by atoms. Strong interaction strength of Rydberg atoms in the microwave transition regime has been proposed as an interface during quantum memory writing. Here, we also describe the implementation of a Rydberg system into our experimental setup.
Hybrid quantum systems involving cold atoms and microwave resonators can enable cavity-mediated infinite-range interactions between atomic spin systems and realize atomic quantum memories and transducers for microwave-to-optical conversion. To achieve strong coupling of atoms to on-chip microwave resonators, it was suggested to use atomic Rydberg states with strong electric-dipole transitions. Here we report on the experimental realization of coherent coupling of a Rydberg transition of ultracold atoms, trapped on an integrated superconducting atom chip, to the microwave field of an on-chip coplanar waveguide resonator. Close to the chip surface, stray electric fields lead to inhomogeneous Rydberg level shifts, which would hinder coherent interactions of atoms in a cloud with the Rydberg excitation lasers and the microwave cavity field. We, however, use optical excitation of a Rydberg state of atoms in a narrow layer with nearly constant electric field, which allows for resonant coupling of the atoms to the cavity microwave field on an appropriate Rydberg transition. We also achieve state-selective detection of the energetically close Rydberg states. We then observe and characterize cavity-driven Rabi oscillations between a pair of atomic Rydberg states. The residual damping of the oscillations is dominated by the spread of Rabi frequencies of atoms in different positions of the resonant cavity mode, as revealed by our model. Despite the technical challenges, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of coherent-state manipulation of Rydberg atoms interacting with superconducting circuits, paving the way for realization of capable hybrid quantum systems.
Placing an ensemble of 10;{6} ultracold atoms in the near field of a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator with a quality factor Q approximately 10;{6}, one can achieve strong coupling between a single microwave photon in the coplanar waveguide resonator and a collective hyperfine qubit state in the ensemble with g_{eff}/2pi approximately 40 kHz larger than the cavity linewidth of kappa/2pi approximately 7 kHz. Integrated on an atomchip, such a system constitutes a hybrid quantum device, which also can be used to interconnect solid-state and atomic qubits, study and control atomic motion via the microwave field, observe microwave superradiance, build an integrated micromaser, or even cool the resonator field via the atoms.
The spectacular progress in the field of ultracold quantum gases is intimately connected with the availability of sophisticated techniques for quantum-level control of internal states, motional states, and collisional interactions. Atom chips provide such control in compact, robust, and scalable setups, which makes them attractive for both applications and fundamental studies. In this thesis I report on experiments that use a new method for coherent manipulation of ultracold atoms. The method is based on microwave near-fields, provided by a waveguide structure that is fully integrated on an atom chip. We generate microwave near-field potentials that combine the versatility of optical traps with the robustness and tailorability of static magnetic microtraps. These potentials depend on the internal atomic state, and we use them for state-selective splitting of Rb Bose-Einstein condensates. We show for the first time combined coherent manipulation of internal and motional states on an atom chip, realizing a trapped-atom interferometer with internal state labeling of the interferometer paths. Moreover, we use microwave near-field potentials for the preparation of spin-squeezed states for quantum-enhanced metrology through controlling state-dependent collisional interactions. In addition, very promising proposals exist for the implementation of a quantum phase gate using these potentials. Measuring microwave fields is important for engineering of microwave devices as well as in science, e.g. to characterize the field homogeneity in the interaction regions of an atomic clock. We develop a novel technique that uses clouds of uncondensed ultracold atoms as sensitive, tunable and non-invasive probes for microwave field imaging with micrometer spatial resolution. The microwave magnetic field components drive Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions whose frequency can be tuned with a static magnetic field. Readout is accomplished using state-selective absorption imaging. Quantitative data extraction is simple and it is possible to reconstruct the amplitudes and phases of the different microwave magnetic field components. While we demonstrate 2D imaging, an extension to 3D imaging is straightforward. We use the method to determine the microwave near-field distribution around the on-chip waveguide and reconstruct the corresponding current distribution. For our experimental parameters, the method provides a microwave magnetic field sensitivity of 0.2 mG, which can even be improved further with variants discussed. The experiments presented in this thesis open the path for the realization of portable quantum-enhanced interferometer devices, the implementation of a quantum phase gate as well as for a new generation of microwave field sensors.
Rydberg helium atoms traveling in pulsed supersonic beams have been coupled to microwave fields in a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator. The atoms were initially prepared in the 1s55s ^{3}S_{1} Rydberg level by two-color two-photon laser excitation from the metastable 1s2s ^{3}S_{1} level. Two-photon microwave transitions between the 1s55s ^{3}S_{1} and 1s56s ^{3}S_{1} levels were then driven by the 19.556 GHz third-harmonic microwave field in a quarter-wave CPW resonator. This superconducting microwave resonator was fabricated from niobium nitride on a silicon substrate and operated at temperatures between 3.65 and 4.30 K. The populations of the Rydberg levels in the experiments were determined by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization. The coherence of the atom-resonator coupling was studied by time-domain measurements of Rabi oscillations.