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arXiv:1707.01956 · Physical Review Letters

Periodically Driven Array of Single Rydberg Atoms

Sagarika Basak, Yashwant Chougale, Rejish Nath

Published Mar 23, 2018• 39 citations
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Abstract

An array of single Rydberg atoms driven by a temporally modulated atom-field detuning is studied. The periodic modulation effectively modifies the Rabi coupling, leading to unprecedented dynamics in the presence of Rydberg-Rydberg interactions, in particular, blockade enhancement, antiblockades, and state-dependent population trapping. Interestingly, the Schrieffer-Wolf transformation reveals a fundamental process in Rydberg gases, correlated Rabi coupling, which stems from the extended nature of the Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. Also, the correlated coupling provides an alternative depiction for the Rydberg blockade, exhibiting a nontrivial behavior in the presence of periodic modulation. The dynamical localization of a many-body configuration in a driven Rydberg lattice is discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.120.123204

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An array of single Rydberg atoms driven by a temporally modulated atom-field detuning is studied. The periodic modulation effectively modifies the Rabi coupling, leading to unprecedented dynamics in the presence of Rydberg-Rydberg interactions, in particular, blockade enhancement, antiblockades, and state-dependent population trapping. Interestingly, the Schrieffer-Wolf transformation reveals a fundamental process in Rydberg gases, correlated Rabi coupling, which stems from the extended nature of the Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. Also, the correlated coupling provides an alternative depiction for the Rydberg blockade, exhibiting a nontrivial behavior in the presence of periodic modulation. The dynamical localization of a many-body configuration in a driven Rydberg lattice is discussed.
We study the population trapping extensively in a periodically driven Rydberg pair. The periodic modulation of the atom-light detuning effectively suppresses the Rabi couplings and, together with Rydberg-Rydberg interactions, leads to the state-dependent population trapping. We identify a simple yet general scheme to determine population trapping regions using driving-induced resonances, the Floquet spectrum, and the inverse participation ratio. Contrary to the single-atom case, we show that the population trapping in the two-atom setup may not necessarily be associated with level crossings in the Floquet spectrum. Further, we discuss under what criteria population trapping can be related to dynamical stabilization, taking specific and experimentally relevant initial states, which include both product and the maximally entangled Bell states. The behavior of the entangled states is further characterized by the bipartite entanglement entropy.
Abstract We study the population dynamics in a two-atom setup in which each atom is driven independently by different light fields, but coupling the same Rydberg state. In particular, we look at how an offset in the Rabi frequencies between two atoms affects the dynamics. We find novel features such as amplifying the Rabi frequency of one atom, together with strong Rydberg-Rydberg interactions freezes the dynamics in the second atom. We analyze this Rydberg-biased freezing phenomenon in detail, with effective Hamiltonians obtained for various limits of the system parameters. In the absence of Rabi-offset, the doubly excited state population exhibits a Lorentzian profile as a function of interaction, whereas for very small offsets it shows splitting and thus peaks. Using an effective Hamiltonian, as well as the perturbation theory in the weak interaction limit, we show that the peak arises from a competition between Rabi-offset and Rydberg-Rydberg interactions when both are sufficiently small, together with the Rydberg blockade at large interactions. The effective Hamiltonians provide us with analytical results for long time dynamics, which are in an excellent agreement with exact numerical solutions. Also, we analyze the growth and the dynamics of quantum correlations such as entanglement entropy/quantum discord for the coherent dynamics. Finally, we extend our studies to the dissipative case in which the spontaneous emission from the Rydberg state is taken into account and in particular, we look at how the Rabi-offset modifies the purity and quantum discord in the steady states. We conclude that the local manipulation of an atom by introducing a Rabi-offset can be a useful tool to control the quantum correlations and in general, the quantum states of the composite two-qubit systems.
Abstract We theoretically propose a protocol for coherent quantum state control in a short periodically driven Rydberg atom array. This Floquet engineering effectively suppresses the Rabi coupling and further reshapes Rydberg–Rydberg interactions, enabling precise control of Rydberg dynamics, including population trapping and blockade dynamics. This capability permits the coherent manipulation of targeted quantum states, such as the population-trapping ground state and entangled states with single or double excitations. A key finding is the robustness of these dynamics against variations in the Rydberg atom interaction, allowing for reliable control even in weak interaction regimes. Floquet spectral analysis further reveals that the stability — and eventual breakdown — of the frozen ground state is fundamentally governed by the splitting, convergence, and spacing of quasienergy levels. Moreover, a systematic analysis of parameter dependence identifies precise operational ranges for quantum state control. These results establish a practical framework for Floquet-engineered quantum manipulation, with promising prospects for quantum information processing applications.
Laser-driven Rydberg gases are many-body quantum systems that exhibit a pronounced collective excitation behavior due to the strong interaction between atoms in high-lying electronic states. Atoms located within a so-called blockade volume share a single Rydberg excitation, which is dynamically created and annihilated. For sufficiently long times, this driven system approaches a steady state, which lends its properties from a maximum entropy state of a Tonks gas. Using this connection, we show that spatial correlations between Rydberg atoms are controlled by the number of atoms contained within a blockade volume. For a small number, the system favors a disordered arrangement of Rydberg atoms, whereas in the opposite limit, Rydberg atoms tend to arrange in an increasingly ordered configuration. We argue that this is an entropic effect which is observable in current experiments. Our work demonstrates how ordered structures can spontaneously emerge in a strongly interacting, closed many-body system out of equilibrium.
Resonant laser excitation of multiple Rydberg atoms are prohibited, leading to Rydberg blockade, when the long-range van der Waals interactions are stronger than the laser-atom coupling. Rydberg blockade can be violated, i.e., simultaneous excitation of more than one Rydberg atom, by off-resonant laser excitation, causing an excitation antiblockade. Rydberg antiblockade gives rise to strongly correlated many-body dynamics and spin-orbit coupling and also finds quantum computation applications. Instead of commonly used van der Waals interactions, we investigate antiblockade dynamics of two Rydberg atoms interacting via dipole-dipole exchange interactions. We study typical situations in current Rydberg atom experiments, where different types of dipole-dipole interactions can be achieved by varying Rydberg state couplings. An effective Hamiltonian governing underlying antiblockade dynamics is derived. We illustrate that geometric gates can be realized with the Rydberg antiblockade which is robust against the decay of Rydberg states. Our study may stimulate new experimental and theoretical exploration of quantum optics and strongly interacting many-body dynamics with Rydberg antiblockade driven by dipole-dipole interactions.
Neutral atom arrays driven into Rydberg states constitute a promising approach for realizing programmable quantum systems. Enabled by strong interactions associated with Rydberg blockade, they allow for simulation of complex spin models and quantum dynamics. We introduce a new Floquet engineering technique for systems in the blockade regime that provides control over novel forms of interactions and entanglement dynamics in such systems. Our approach is based on time-dependent control of Rydberg laser detuning and leverages perturbations around periodic many-body trajectories as resources for operator spreading. These time-evolved operators are utilized as a basis for engineering interactions in the effective Hamiltonian describing the stroboscopic evolution. As an example, we show how our method can be used to engineer strong spin exchange, consistent with the blockade, in a one-dimensional chain, enabling the exploration of gapless Luttinger liquid phases. In addition, we demonstrate that combining gapless excitations with Rydberg blockade can lead to dynamic generation of large-scale multipartite entanglement. Experimental feasibility and possible generalizations are discussed.