We study large N tensor models on the lattice without disorder. We introduce techniques which can be applied to a wide class of models, and illustrate it by studying some specific rank-3 tensor models. In particular, we study Klebanov-Tarnopolsky model on lattice, Gurau-Witten model (by treating it as a tensor model on four sites) and also a new model which interpolates between these two models. In each model, we evaluate various four point functions at large N and strong coupling, and discuss their spectrum and long time behaviors. We find similarities as well as differences from SYK model. We also generalize our analysis to rank-D tensor models where we obtain analogous results as D = 3 case for the four point functions which we computed. For D > 5, we are able to compute the next-to-subleading $$ \frac{1}{N} $$ corrections for a specific four point function.
We study large N tensor models on the lattice without disorder. We introduce techniques which can be applied to a wide class of models, and illustrate it by studying some specific rank-3 tensor models. In particular, we study Klebanov-Tarnopolsky model on lattice, Gurau-Witten model (by treating it as a tensor model on four sites) and also a new model which interpolates between these two models. In each model, we evaluate various four point functions at large N and strong coupling, and discuss their spectrum and long time behaviors. We find similarities as well as differences from SYK model. We also generalize our analysis to rank-D tensor models where we obtain analogous results as D = 3 case for the four point functions which we computed. For D > 5, we are able to compute the next-to-subleading N1 corrections for a specific four point function.
We contrast some aspects of various SYK-like models with large-N melonic behavior. First, we note that ungauged tensor models can exhibit symmetry breaking, even though these are 0+1 dimensional theories. Related to this, we show that when gauged, some of them admit no singlets, and are anomalous. The uncolored Majorana tensor model with even N is a simple case where gauge singlets can exist in the spectrum. We outline a strategy for solving for the singlet spectrum, taking advantage of the results in arXiv:1706.05364, and reproduce the singlet states expected in N = 2. In the second part of the paper, we contrast the random matrix aspects of some ungauged tensor models, the original SYK model, and a model due to Gross and Rosenhaus. The latter, even though disorder averaged, shows parallels with the Gurau-Witten model. In particular, the two models fall into identical Andreev ensembles as a function of N . In an appendix, we contrast the (expected) spectra of AdS2 quantum gravity, SYK and SYK-like tensor models, and the zeros of the Riemann Zeta function.
We contrast some aspects of various SYK-like models with large-N melonic behavior. First, we note that ungauged tensor models can exhibit symmetry breaking, even though these are 0+1 dimensional theories. Related to this, we show that when gauged, some of them admit no singlets, and are anomalous. The uncolored Majorana tensor model with even N is a simple case where gauge singlets can exist in the spectrum. We outline a strategy for solving for the singlet spectrum, taking advantage of the results in arXiv: 1706.05364, and reproduce the singlet states expected in N = 2. In the second part of the paper, we contrast the random matrix aspects of some ungauged tensor models, the original SYK model, and a model due to Gross and Rosenhaus. The latter, even though disorder averaged, shows parallels with the Gurau-Witten model. In particular, the two models fall into identical Andreev ensembles as a function of N. In an appendix, we contrast the (expected) spectra of AdS 2 quantum gravity, SYK and SYK-like tensor models, and the zeros of the Riemann Zeta function.
We study the operators in the large N tensor models, focusing mostly on the fermionic quantum mechanics with O(N)3 symmetry which may be either global or gauged. In the model with global symmetry, we study the spectra of bilinear operators, which are in either the symmetric traceless or the antisymmetric representation of one of the O(N) groups. In the symmetric traceless case, the spectrum of scaling dimensions is the same as in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with real fermions; it includes the h=2 zero mode. For the operators antisymmetric in the two indices, the scaling dimensions are the same as in the additional sector found in the complex tensor and SYK models; the lowest h=0 eigenvalue corresponds to the conserved O(N) charges. A class of singlet operators may be constructed from contracted combinations of m symmetric traceless or antisymmetric two-particle operators. Their two-point functions receive contributions from m melonic ladders. Such multiple ladders are a new phenomenon in the tensor model, which does not seem to be present in the SYK model. The more typical 2k-particle operators do not receive any ladder corrections and have quantized large N scaling dimensions k/2. We construct pictorial representations of various singlet operators with low k. For larger k, we use available techniques to count the operators and show that their number grows as 2kk!. As a consequence, the theory has a Hagedorn phase transition at the temperature which approaches zero in the large N limit. We also study the large N spectrum of low-lying operators in the Gurau-Witten model, which has O(N)6 symmetry. We argue that it corresponds to one of the generalized SYK models constructed by Gross and Rosenhaus. Our paper also includes studies of the invariants in large N tensor integrals with various symmetries.
In this paper, we study an SYK model and an SYK-like tensor model with global symmetry. First, we study the large N expansion of the bi-local collective action for the SYK model with manifest global symmetry. We show that the global symmetry is enhanced to a local symmetry at strong coupling limit, and the corresponding symmetry algebra is the Kac-Moody algebra. The emergent local symmetry together with the emergent reparametrization is spontaneously and explicit broken. This leads to a low energy effective action. We evaluate four point functions, and obtain spectrum of our model. We derive the low energy effective action and analyze the chaotic behavior of the four point functions. We also consider the recent 3D gravity conjecture for our model. We also introduce an SYK-like tensor model with global symmetry. We first study chaotic behavior of four point functions in various channels for the rank-3 case, and generalize this into a rank-(q − 1) tensor model.
In this thesis, we discuss the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model and tensor models with similar properties. The SYK model is a quantum field theoretical model describing N interacting fermions, whose coupling constants are drawn from a Gaussian ensemble. Noteworthy properties of the SYK model include that it is analytically solvable in the large N limit, that it exhibits conformal symmetry at low energies and that it is maximally chaotic. These properties are remarkably similar to those of a 1 + 1 dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. It has been conjectured the SYK model is a holographic dual to the black hole. We introduce a set of Feynman rules for the SYK model. Using these rules, we show that in the large N limit the diagrams that contribute to the two-point function are all so-called iterated melonic diagrams. This allows us to derive a Schwinger-Dyson equation for the two-point function, which, in turn, can be solved exactly in the infrared limit. We also consider the four-point function. In the large N limit, the leading-order correction to the four-point function is given by so-called ladder diagrams. This allows us to derive an explicit expression for the four-point function. The SYK model can be generalized in a few different ways. In this thesis, we consider the generalization where the fermions act through q-fold interactions instead of quartic interactions present in the original SYK model. In particular, considerable simplifications can be achieved in the q → ∞ limit or q = 2 case, which we study. While the SYK model has many interesting properties, its random couplings limit its usability especially as a dual to a Schwarzschild black hole. We therefore also consider tensor models which do not have this drawback but manage to preserve the interesting properties of the SYK model. In the last chapter, we briefly inspect the chaotic behaviour of the SYK and tensor models and derive Lyapunov exponent for them. It can be shown that the expression saturates an upper bound for Lyapunov exponents of a large class of quantum systems, including large N systems.
This thesis focuses on renormalization of tensor field theories. Its first part considers a quartic tensor model with O(N)3 symmetry and long-range propagator. The existence of a non-perturbative fixed point in any d at large N is established. We found four lines of fixed points parametrized by the so-called tetrahedral coupling. One of them is infrared attractive, strongly interacting and gives rise to a new kind of CFT, called melonic CFTs which are then studied in more details. We first compute dimensions of bilinears and OPE coefficients at the fixed point which are consistent with a unitary CFT at large N. We then compute 1/N corrections. At next-to-leading order, the line of fixed points collapses to one fixed point. However, the corrections are complex and unitarity is broken at NLO. Finally, we show that this model respects the F-theorem. The next part of the thesis investigates sextic tensor field theories in rank 3 and 5. In rank 3, we found two IR stable real fixed points in short range and a line of IR stable real fixed points in long range. Surprisingly, the only fixed point in rank 5 is the Gaussian one. For the rank 3 model, in the short-range case, we still find two IR stable fixed points at NLO. However, in the long-range case, the corrections to the fixed points are non-perturbative and hence unreliable: we found no precursor of the large N fixed point. The last part of the thesis investigates the class of model exhibiting a melonic large N limit. We prove that models with tensors in an irreducible representation of O(N) or Sp(N) in rank 5 indeed admit a large N limit. This generalization relies on recursive bounds derived from a detailed combinatorial analysis of Feynman graphs involved in the perturbative expansion of our model.