Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1704.06359 · Physical Review A

N identical particles and one particle to entangle them all

Bruno Bellomo, Rosario Lo Franco, Giuseppe Compagno

Published Aug 21, 2017• 32 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In quantum information, $W$ states are a central class of multipartite entangled states because of their robustness against noise and their use in many quantum processes. Their generation, however, remains a demanding task whose difficulty increases with the number of particles. We report a simple scalable conceptual scheme where a single particle in an ancilla mode works as an entanglement catalyst of the $W$ state for other $N$ separated identical particles. A crucial aspect of the scheme, which exploits basically spatial indistinguishability, is its universality, being applicable without essential changes to both bosons and fermions. Our proposal represents a paradigm within the experimental preparation of many-particle entanglement based on quantum indistinguishability.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.022319

Related papers

Entanglement swapping by particle indistinguishability

Alessia Castellini, Bruno Bellomo, Giuseppe Compagno +1 more

Entanglement swapping represents an important protocol for transferring information within quantum networks. Here we present a scheme to implement entanglement swapping with independently-prepared identical particles (bosons or fermions), exploiting the indistinguishability due to their spatial overlap. In this protocol no initial entangled pairs are required and, for fermions, even Bell state measurements have not to be performed. These features constitute both a conceptual and practical advance compared to the standard procedure. The scheme is straightforwardly extended to multiple swapping, which is basic for quantum repeaters and relays in quantum information processing.

•Dec 5, 2018•0 citations

Generation of Genuine Multipartite Entangled States via Indistinguishability of Identical Particles

Kobra Mahdavipour, Farzam Nosrati, Stefania Sciara +2 more

Indistinguishability of identical particles is a resource for quantum information processing and has been utilized to generate entanglement from independent particles that spatially overlap only at the detection stage. Here, we introduce a controllable scheme capable of generating via three steps, i.e., initialization, deformation, and postselection, different classes of multipartite entangled states starting from a product state of N spatially distinguishable identical qubits. While our scheme is generalizable to any class of entangled bosonic and fermionic systems, we provide an explicit recipe for the generation of W , Dicke, GHZ, and cluster states, which are resource states for quantum information processing. Using graph-based representations within the framework of spatially localized operations and classical communication (sLOCC), we mathematically demonstrate a direct translation of the generation schemes of specific entangled states into colored, complex, and weighted digraphs, each corresponding to a given experimental setup. We also show that this graph-theoretical approach allows for the optimization of the generation efficiency of specific multipartite entangled states by exploring a variety of generation schemes. The presented theoretical approach, while already implementable with current linear optics architectures, has the potential to bring clear advantages over existing technologies, such as in quantum computing search algorithms and in the design of new experiments in quantum optics or other platforms. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2403.17171•PRX Quantum•Dec 27, 2024•7 citations

Efficient linear-optical generation of a multipartite W state

Paweł Błasiak, Ewa Borsuk, Marcin Markiewicz +1 more

A scheme is presented for generation of a multipartite $W$ state for an arbitrary number of qubits. Based on a recent proposal of entanglement without touching, it serves to demonstrate the potential of particle indistinguishability as a useful resource of entanglement for practical applications. The devised scheme is efficient in design, meaning that it is built with linear optics without the need for auxiliary particles nor measurements. Yet, the success probability is shown to be highly competitive compared with the existing proposals (i.e., decreases polynomially with the number of qubits) and remains insensitive to particle statistics (i.e., has the same efficiency for bosons and fermions).

arXiv:2103.02206•Physical Review A•Aug 3, 2021•10 citations

Entangling three identical particles via spatial overlap

Donghwa Lee, Tanumoy Pramanik, Seongjin Hong +4 more

Quantum correlations between identical particles are at the heart of quantum technologies. Several studies with two identical particles have shown that the spatial overlap and indistinguishability between the particles are necessary for generating bipartite entanglement. On the other hand, researches on the extension to more than two-particle systems are limited by the practical difficulty to control multiple identical particles in laboratories. In this work, we propose schemes to generate two fundamental classes of genuine tripartite entanglement, i.e., GHZ and W classes, which are experimentally demonstrated using linear optics with three identical photons. We also show that the tripartite entanglement class decays from the genuine entanglement to the full separability as the particles become more distinguishable from each other. Our results support the prediction that particle indistinguishability is a fundamental element for entangling identical particles.

arXiv:2104.05937•Optics Express•Jul 25, 2022•16 citations

Dynamics of spatially indistinguishable particles and quantum entanglement protection

Farzam Nosrati, Alessia Castellini, G. Compagno +1 more

A complete treatment of open quantum systems made of identical particles has remained elusive due to the intrinsic problem of these particles being individually unaddressable. Filling this gap is essential for the full characterization of quantum networks which are typically built by identical subsystems. We provide a general framework which allows one to obtain the dynamics of $N$ noninteracting spatially indistinguishable particles locally coupled to separated environments. This framework is universal, being valid for both bosons and fermions and for any type of system-environment interaction. It is applied to study the dynamics of two identical qubits under paradigmatic Markovian noises, such as phase damping, depolarization, and amplitude damping. We find that spatial indistinguishability of identical qubits is a controllable inherent property of the system which protects exploitable quantum entanglement against detrimental noise.

arXiv:2008.07471•Physical Review A•Dec 30, 2020•23 citations

Generating tripartite entanglement via spatial overlap of identical particles

Donghwa Lee, Tanumoy Pramanik, Young‐Wook Cho +3 more

We report experimental generation of all the genuine three-party entangled states, i.e., GHZ and W states, of identical particles via spatial overlap. It shows that the indistinguishability is crucial for generating entanglement of identical particles.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2022•0 citations
In quantum information, WWW states are a central class of multipartite entangled states because of their robustness against noise and their use in many quantum processes. Their generation, however, remains a demanding task whose difficulty increases with the number of particles. We report a simple scalable conceptual scheme where a single particle in an ancilla mode works as an entanglement catalyst of the WWW state for other NNN separated identical particles. A crucial aspect of the scheme, which exploits basically spatial indistinguishability, is its universality, being applicable without essential changes to both bosons and fermions. Our proposal represents a paradigm within the experimental preparation of many-particle entanglement based on quantum indistinguishability.
Entanglement swapping represents an important protocol for transferring information within quantum networks. Here we present a scheme to implement entanglement swapping with independently-prepared identical particles (bosons or fermions), exploiting the indistinguishability due to their spatial overlap. In this protocol no initial entangled pairs are required and, for fermions, even Bell state measurements have not to be performed. These features constitute both a conceptual and practical advance compared to the standard procedure. The scheme is straightforwardly extended to multiple swapping, which is basic for quantum repeaters and relays in quantum information processing.
Indistinguishability of identical particles is a resource for quantum information processing and has been utilized to generate entanglement from independent particles that spatially overlap only at the detection stage. Here, we introduce a controllable scheme capable of generating via three steps, i.e., initialization, deformation, and postselection, different classes of multipartite entangled states starting from a product state of N spatially distinguishable identical qubits. While our scheme is generalizable to any class of entangled bosonic and fermionic systems, we provide an explicit recipe for the generation of W , Dicke, GHZ, and cluster states, which are resource states for quantum information processing. Using graph-based representations within the framework of spatially localized operations and classical communication (sLOCC), we mathematically demonstrate a direct translation of the generation schemes of specific entangled states into colored, complex, and weighted digraphs, each corresponding to a given experimental setup. We also show that this graph-theoretical approach allows for the optimization of the generation efficiency of specific multipartite entangled states by exploring a variety of generation schemes. The presented theoretical approach, while already implementable with current linear optics architectures, has the potential to bring clear advantages over existing technologies, such as in quantum computing search algorithms and in the design of new experiments in quantum optics or other platforms. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
A scheme is presented for generation of a multipartite WWW state for an arbitrary number of qubits. Based on a recent proposal of entanglement without touching, it serves to demonstrate the potential of particle indistinguishability as a useful resource of entanglement for practical applications. The devised scheme is efficient in design, meaning that it is built with linear optics without the need for auxiliary particles nor measurements. Yet, the success probability is shown to be highly competitive compared with the existing proposals (i.e., decreases polynomially with the number of qubits) and remains insensitive to particle statistics (i.e., has the same efficiency for bosons and fermions).
Quantum correlations between identical particles are at the heart of quantum technologies. Several studies with two identical particles have shown that the spatial overlap and indistinguishability between the particles are necessary for generating bipartite entanglement. On the other hand, researches on the extension to more than two-particle systems are limited by the practical difficulty to control multiple identical particles in laboratories. In this work, we propose schemes to generate two fundamental classes of genuine tripartite entanglement, i.e., GHZ and W classes, which are experimentally demonstrated using linear optics with three identical photons. We also show that the tripartite entanglement class decays from the genuine entanglement to the full separability as the particles become more distinguishable from each other. Our results support the prediction that particle indistinguishability is a fundamental element for entangling identical particles.
A complete treatment of open quantum systems made of identical particles has remained elusive due to the intrinsic problem of these particles being individually unaddressable. Filling this gap is essential for the full characterization of quantum networks which are typically built by identical subsystems. We provide a general framework which allows one to obtain the dynamics of NNN noninteracting spatially indistinguishable particles locally coupled to separated environments. This framework is universal, being valid for both bosons and fermions and for any type of system-environment interaction. It is applied to study the dynamics of two identical qubits under paradigmatic Markovian noises, such as phase damping, depolarization, and amplitude damping. We find that spatial indistinguishability of identical qubits is a controllable inherent property of the system which protects exploitable quantum entanglement against detrimental noise.