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arXiv:1703.08077 · Physical Review A

Quantum state atomic force microscopy

Ali Passian, George Siopsis

Published Apr 10, 2017• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

New classical modalities of atomic force microscopy continue to emerge to achieve higher spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution for nanometrology of materials. Here, we introduce the concept of a quantum-mechanical modality that capitalizes on squeezed states of probe displacement. We show that such squeezing is enabled nanomechanically when the probe enters the van der Waals regime of interaction with a sample. The effect is studied in the noncontact mode, where we consider the parameter domains characterizing the attractive regime of the probe-sample interaction force.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.043812

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New classical modalities of atomic force microscopy continue to emerge to achieve higher spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution for nanometrology of materials. Here, we introduce the concept of a quantum-mechanical modality that capitalizes on squeezed states of probe displacement. We show that such squeezing is enabled nanomechanically when the probe enters the van der Waals regime of interaction with a sample. The effect is studied in the noncontact mode, where we consider the parameter domains characterizing the attractive regime of the probe-sample interaction force.
We propose a two-frequency driving scheme in dynamic atomic force microscopy that maximizes the interaction time between tip and sample. Using a stochastic description of the cantilever dynamics, we predict large classical squeezing and a small amount of skewness of the tip's phase-space probability distribution. Strong position squeezing will require close contact between tip and surface, while momentum squeezing would also be possible in the van der Waals region of the tip-surface force. Employing a generalized Caldeira-Leggett model, we predict that surface-dependent dissipative forces may be the dominant source of quantum effects and propose a procedure to isolate quantum effects from thermal fluctuations.
Achieving and quantifying ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling (USC) remains a key challenge for quantum magnonics. Here, we demonstrate widely tunable USC between chiral (right- and left-handed) and acoustic or optical magnon modes in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrPS4CrPS_4CrPS4​. Using a full quantum model, we decompose the interaction into three microscopic interaction channels: the co-rotating term g1g_1g1​ (mode hybridization), the counter-rotating term g2g_2g2​ (two-mode squeezing), and, uniquely in the chiral regime, the self-squared term g3g_3g3​ that mediates single-mode squeezing. The normalized coupling ratio reaches g/fgg/f_gg/fg​ ∼\sim∼ 0.41, entering the USC regime. Most significantly, we establish a complete protocol linking these USC parameters to a measurable quantum phenomenon: a squeezed magnon vacuum state. Our simulations not only visualize the chirality and polarization evolution of the hybrid modes but also demonstrate how to directly extract quadrature fluctuations and a substantial squeezing factor (up to ∼\sim∼ 9.7 dB) from thermal noise-driven magnetization dynamics. This work provides a material-specific quantum framework for USC and a practical pathway to detect and exploit non-classical magnon states in low-damping two-dimensional magnets, opening a route toward quantum-enhanced spintronics and hybrid quantum information platforms.