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arXiv:1703.04976

Quality of joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state under the effect of noise

Dat Thanh Le, Van Hop Nguyen

Published Mar 15, 2017• 0 citations
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Abstract

We address the issue of improving the quality of the joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit in case four qubits of the quantum channel which consists of a GHZ state and a GHZ-like one are subjected to noises. Two controlling parameters are added, one in the quantum channel and other in the measurement of the second sender, in order to optimize the averaged fidelities. The results from analyzing the behaviors of the optimal averaged fidelities show that there are essentially two different ways for the optimization of the efficiency of the protocol. The first is simply choosing suitably the quantum channel as well as the measurement in which the desired fidelity can be found in large values of noisy parameters. The second is by means of interactions between qubits and dissipative environments whose result is more noises more fidelity.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1703.04976

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We address the issue of improving the quality of the joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit in case four qubits of the quantum channel which consists of a GHZ state and a GHZ-like one are subjected to noises. Two controlling parameters are added, one in the quantum channel and other in the measurement of the second sender, in order to optimize the averaged fidelities. The results from analyzing the behaviors of the optimal averaged fidelities show that there are essentially two different ways for the optimization of the efficiency of the protocol. The first is simply choosing suitably the quantum channel as well as the measurement in which the desired fidelity can be found in large values of noisy parameters. The second is by means of interactions between qubits and dissipative environments whose result is more noises more fidelity.
Using two tripartite Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) states as the shared channels, we investigate the noise effects on the deterministic joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state. By unitary matrix decomposition procedure, we first construct the quantum logic circuit of the deterministic joint remote state preparation protocol. Then, we analytically derive the fidelity and the average fidelity for the deterministic joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state and of four types of special two-qubit states under the influence of the Pauli noises. It is found that the fidelity depends on the noise types, the qubit-environment coupling strength, and the state to be remotely prepared. Moreover, even if the two GHZ channels are subject to the same environmental noises, the average fidelities for remotely preparing different two-qubit states display different time evolution behaviors. The remote preparation of the identical two-qubit states also shows that the average fidelities affected by different noisy environments exhibit different evolution actions.
Noise is unavoidable in practice and its presence makes quantum protocols imperfect. In this paper we consider a way to cope with typical types of noise in joint remote preparation of an arbitrary 2-qubit state. The idea is to use nonmaximally (in stead of maximally) entangled states as the initial quantum channel. Because noise changes the initial quantum channel we can beforehand tailor it to be nonmaximally entangled by introducing free parameters which, depending on given types of noise, can be controlled so that due to the affect of noise the initial quantum channel becomes closest to the maximally entangled one, thus optimizing the performance of the joint remote state preparation protocol. The dependence of the optimal averaged fidelities on the strength of various types of noise is represented by phase diagrams that clearly separate the quantum domain from the classical one.
A main obstacle faced by any quantum information processing protocol is the noise that degrades the desired coherence/entanglement. In this work we study by means of Kraus operators the effect of four typical types of noises on the quality of joint remote state preparation of a single-qubit state using a three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-type state as the initial quantum channel. Assuming that two of the three involved qubits independently suffer a type of noise, we derive analytical expressions not only for the optimal averaged fidelities but also for the boundaries in phase space of the domains in which the joint remote state preparation protocol outperforms the classical one. Detailed discussion is given for each of the total 16 noisy scenarios. We also provide physical interpretation for the obtained results and outline possible future topics.
We present a protocol for remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state by using a four-qudit [Formula: see text]-type state as the quantum channel via positive operator-valued measurement. We first propose the protocol for remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state via positive operator-valued measurement in noiseless environment and then discuss the protocol in noisy environments. Four important quantum decoherence noise models, the dephasing noise, the qudit-flip noise, the qudit-phase-flip noise and the depolarizing noise, are considered in our protocol. The output states and the fidelities of remote state preparation in four different types of quantum noises are presented. It is shown the protocol for remote state preparation via positive operator-valued measurement with [Formula: see text]-type state has the advantage of transmitting less particles for remote preparing an arbitrary two-qudit state. The fidelities of remote state preparation depend on the coefficients of original two-qudit state and the decoherence rates of the noise models.
We investigate how the efficiency is affected on the controlled remote state preparation protocol in noise environment, where all possible types of noise are considered in realistic quantum communication protocols. We discuss the several realistic scenarios, i.e., a part and all of the qubits are subjected to the same or different types of noise. We find that more noise or less entanglement of qubits environment lead to more efficiency in terms of average fidelity. Furthermore, we show that a better approach to subject the qubits in different noise channels in order to obtain an increase of the efficiency for the protocol.
Using a GHZ-class state as a quantum channel, we investigate the remote preparation of a qubit state and that of an entangled state in noisy environments. By analytically solving the master equation in Lindblad form, we first obtain the time evolution of the GHZ-class quantum channel. Then the influence of the noises on the process of remote state preparation is considered through analytical derivation of the fidelity and numerical calculations of the corresponding average fidelity. Our results show that the fidelity depends on the noise type, the state to be remotely prepared, the GHZ-class state and the decoherence rate. Moreover, it is found that no matter whether the qubit state or the entangled state is to be remotely prepared, the maximally entangled quantum channel has a relatively stronger ability to resist the influence of noises. Besides, the effect of the bit–phase flip noise on the average fidelity is relatively stronger than that of the bit flip noise or phase flip noise.