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arXiv:1703.04074 · Physical Review A

Effective theory of interacting fermions in shaken square optical lattices

Ahmet Keleş, Erhai Zhao, W. Vincent Liu

Published Jun 23, 2017• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We develop a theory of weakly interacting fermionic atoms in shaken optical lattices based on the orbital mixing in the presence of time-periodic modulations. Specifically, we focus on fermionic atoms in a circularly shaken square lattice with near-resonance frequencies, i.e., tuned close to the energy separation between the $s$ band and the $p$ bands. First, we derive a time-independent four-band effective Hamiltonian in the noninteracting limit. Diagonalization of the effective Hamiltonian yields a quasienergy spectrum consistent with the full numerical Floquet solution that includes all higher bands. In particular, we find that the hybridized $s$ band develops multiple minima and therefore nontrivial Fermi surfaces at different fillings. We then obtain the effective interactions for atoms in the hybridized $s$ band analytically and show that they acquire momentum dependence on the Fermi surface even though the bare interaction is contactlike. We apply the theory to find the phase diagram of fermions with weak attractive interactions and demonstrate that the pairing symmetry is $s+d$ wave. Our theory is valid for a range of shaking frequencies near resonance, and it can be generalized to other phases of interacting fermions in shaken lattices.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.063619

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