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arXiv:1612.03170 · Quantum Information Processing

Security of a single-state semi-quantum key distribution protocol

Zhang Wei, Daowen Qiu, Paulo Mateus

Published Apr 25, 2018• 54 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s11128-018-1904-z

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Abstract In recent years, mediated semi‐quantum key distribution (MSQKD) has become a hot topic in quantum cryptography. In this study, the original MSQKD protocol is revisited and a new scheme for proving security based on information theory is developed. At first, a new bound on the key rate of the protocol is derived using an entropic uncertainty relation, thus proving the unconditional security of the protocol. In addition, in the asymptotic scenario, a higher noise tolerance that improves the previous results is found. The legitimate communicating parties have to abort the protocol when they observe the error rate is larger than the noise tolerance. Furthermore, the security of a single‐state MSQKD protocol and a single‐state semi‐quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol is proven using a similar scheme.
Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) can share secret keys by using less quantum resource than its fully quantum counterparts, and this likely makes SQKD become more practical and realizable. In this paper, we present a new SQKD protocol by introducing the idea of B92 protocol in fully quantum cryptography into SQKD. In this protocol, the sender Alice just sends one quantum state to the classical Bob and Bob just prepares a fixed state in the preparation process. It is much simpler than the existing SQKD and potentially much easier to be implemented. It can be seen as a semi-quantum version of B92 protocol, compared to the protocol BKM07 as the semi-quantum version of BB84 in fully quantum cryptography. We verify that it is more efficient than the existing single-state SQKD protocols by introducing an efficiency parameter. Specifically, we prove it is secure against a restricted collective attack by computing a lower bound of the key rate in the asymptotic scenario. Then we can find a threshold value of errors such that for all error rates less than this value, the secure key can be definitely established between the legitimate users definitely. We make an illustration of how to compute the threshold value in case the reverse channel is a depolarizing one with parameter [Formula: see text]. Though the threshold value is a little smaller than those of some existing SQKD protocols, it can be comparable to the B92 protocol in fully quantum cryptography.
Abstract Semi-quantum protocols serve as a bridge between quantum users and "classical" users with limited quantum capabilities, providing support for application scenarios that cannot afford the excessively high cost of quantum resources. In this paper, we present a semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol based on Bell states and single particles, which is designed for key distribution between different types of users. The protocol enables simultaneous key distribution between quantum and classical users, as well as key establishment between two classical users. The security analysis demonstrates that the protocol can reach the same level of security as the full quantum protocol. Furthermore, we extrapolate the proposed protocol to other semi-quantum protocols, such as semi-quantum key agreement and semi-quantum private comparison protocols. Compared with previous similar ones, our SQKD protocol and its extended versions can fulfill the requirements of their respective counterparts individually. Therefore, our SQKD protocol has the potential for broader applications in practical scenarios.