Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1611.07104 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Superradiance with an ensemble of superconducting flux qubits

Neill Lambert, Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Kosuke Kakuyanagi, Natsuko Ishida, Shiro Saito, Franco Nori

Published Dec 15, 2016• 53 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Superconducting flux qubits are a promising candidate for realizing quantum information processing and quantum simulations. Such devices behave like artificial atoms, with the advantage that one can easily tune the ``atoms'' internal properties. Here, by harnessing this flexibility, we propose a technique to minimize the inhomogeneous broadening of a large ensemble of flux qubits by tuning only the external flux. In addition, as an example of many-body physics in such an ensemble, we show how to observe superradiance, and its quadratic scaling with ensemble size, using a tailored microwave control pulse that takes advantage of the inhomogeneous broadening itself to excite only a subensemble of the qubits. Our scheme opens up an approach to using superconducting circuits to explore the properties of quantum many-body systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.94.224510

Related papers

Baseband Control of Superconducting Qubits with Shared Microwave Drives

Peng Zhao, Ruixia Wang, Mengjun Hu +4 more

Accurate control of qubits is the central requirement for building functional quantum processors. For the current superconducting quantum processor, high-fidelity control of qubits is mainly based on independently calibrated microwave pulses, which could differ from each other in frequencies, amplitudes, and phases. With this control strategy, the needed physical resource could be challenging, especially when scaling up to large-scale quantum processors is considered. Inspired by Kane's proposal for spin-based quantum computing, here, we explore theoretically the possibility of baseband flux control of superconducting qubits with only shared and always-on microwave drives. In our strategy, qubits are by default far detuned from the drive during system idle periods, qubit readout and baseband flux-controlled two-qubit gates can thus be realized with minimal impacts from the always-on drive. By contrast, during working periods, qubits are tuned on resonance with the drive and single-qubit gates can be realized. Therefore, universal qubit control can be achieved with only baseband flux pulses and always-on shared microwave drives. We apply this strategy to the qubit architecture where tunable qubits are coupled via a tunable coupler, and the analysis shows that high-fidelity qubit control is possible. Besides, the baseband control strategy needs fewer physical resources, such as control electronics and cooling power in cryogenic systems, than that of microwave control. Of note, the flexibility of baseband flux control could be employed for addressing the nonuniformity issue of superconducting qubits, potentially allowing the realization of multiplexing and cross-bar technologies and thus controlling large numbers of qubits with fewer control lines. We thus expect that baseband control with shared microwave drives can help build large-scale superconducting quantum processors.

arXiv:2211.06833•Physical Review Applied•May 15, 2023•12 citations

Observation of Collective Coupling between an Engineered Ensemble of Macroscopic Artificial Atoms and a Superconducting Resonator

Kosuke Kakuyanagi, Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Corentin Déprez +5 more

The hybridization of distinct quantum systems is now seen as an effective way to engineer the properties of an entire system leading to applications in quantum metamaterials, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology. Recent improvements in both fabrication techniques and qubit design have allowed the community to consider coupling large ensembles of artificial atoms, such as superconducting qubits, to a resonator. Here, we demonstrate the coherent coupling between a microwave resonator and a macroscopic ensemble composed of several thousand superconducting flux qubits, where we observe a large dispersive frequency shift in the spectrum of 250 MHz. We achieve the large dispersive shift with a collective enhancement of the coupling strength between the resonator and qubits. These results represent the largest number of coupled superconducting qubits realized so far.

arXiv:1606.04222•Physical Review Letters•Nov 16, 2016•70 citations

Reproducibility and control of superconducting flux qubits

T. Chang, Itamar Holzman, T. Cohen +3 more

Superconducting flux qubits are promising candidates for the physical realization of a scalable quantum processor. Indeed, these circuits may have both a small decoherence rate and a large anharmonicity. These properties enable the application of fast quantum gates with high fidelity and reduce scaling limitations due to frequency crowding. The major difficulty of flux qubits' design consists of controlling precisely their transition energy - the so-called qubit gap - while keeping long and reproducible relaxation times. Solving this problem is challenging and requires extremely good control of e-beam lithography, oxidation parameters of the junctions and sample surface. Here we present measurements of a large batch of flux qubits and demonstrate a high level of reproducibility and control of qubit gaps, relaxation times and pure echo dephasing times. These results open the way for potential applications in the fields of quantum hybrid circuits and quantum computation.

arXiv:2207.01427•Jul 4, 2022•0 citations

Quantum Coherent Tunable Coupling of Superconducting Qubits

A. O. Niskanen, K. Harrabi, Fumiki Yoshihara +3 more

To do large-scale quantum information processing, it is necessary to control the interactions between individual qubits while retaining quantum coherence. To this end, superconducting circuits allow for a high degree of flexibility. We report on the time-domain tunable coupling of optimally biased superconducting flux qubits. By modulating the nonlinear inductance of an additional coupling element, we parametrically induced a two-qubit transition that was otherwise forbidden. We observed an on/off coupling ratio of 19 and were able to demonstrate a simple quantum protocol.

Science•May 3, 2007•423 citations

Quantum electrodynamics in superconducting artificial atoms

Igor Diniz

This thesis focuses on two problems in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We first investigate theoretically the coupling of a resonator to a continuous distribution of inhomogeneously broadened emitters. Studying this formalism is strongly motivated by recent proposals to use collections of emitters as quantum memories for individual excitations. Such systems benefit from the collective enhancement of the interaction strength, while keeping the relaxation properties of a single emitter. We discuss the influence of the emitters inhomogeneous broadening on the existence and on the coherence properties of the polaritonic peaks. We find that their coherence depends crucially on the shape of the distribution and not only on its width. Taking into account the inhomogeneous broadening allows to simulate with a great accuracy a number of pioneer experimental results on a ensemble of NV centers. The modeling is shown to be a powerful tool to obtain the properties of the spin ensembles coupled to a resonator. We also suggest an original Josephson qubit readout method based on a dc-SQUID with high loop inductance. This system supports a diamond-shape artificial atom where we define logical and ancilla qubits coupled through a cross-Kerr like term. Depending on the logical qubit state, the ancilla is resonantly or dispersively coupled to the resonator, leading to a large contrast in the transmitted microwave signal amplitude. Simulations show that this original method can be faster and have higher fidelity than methods currently used in circuit QED.

•Oct 22, 2012•0 citations

Flux Qubits and Coherent Tunable Couplings between Them

Li, Zheng

Flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits), one kind of superconducting tunnel junction circuits, are recently demonstrated as a promising candidate to realize quantum computations.In order to do large-scale quantum information processing, it is necessary to switch on and off the couplings between individual flux qubits in the time-domain while those qubits retain coherence.This report contains two parts: one is to describe my understanding of models, fabrications and measurements for one single flux qubit; the other is to compare two proposed schemes and the corresponding experimental realizations of coherent tunable couplings between flux qubits.

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations
Superconducting flux qubits are a promising candidate for realizing quantum information processing and quantum simulations. Such devices behave like artificial atoms, with the advantage that one can easily tune the ``atoms'' internal properties. Here, by harnessing this flexibility, we propose a technique to minimize the inhomogeneous broadening of a large ensemble of flux qubits by tuning only the external flux. In addition, as an example of many-body physics in such an ensemble, we show how to observe superradiance, and its quadratic scaling with ensemble size, using a tailored microwave control pulse that takes advantage of the inhomogeneous broadening itself to excite only a subensemble of the qubits. Our scheme opens up an approach to using superconducting circuits to explore the properties of quantum many-body systems.
Accurate control of qubits is the central requirement for building functional quantum processors. For the current superconducting quantum processor, high-fidelity control of qubits is mainly based on independently calibrated microwave pulses, which could differ from each other in frequencies, amplitudes, and phases. With this control strategy, the needed physical resource could be challenging, especially when scaling up to large-scale quantum processors is considered. Inspired by Kane's proposal for spin-based quantum computing, here, we explore theoretically the possibility of baseband flux control of superconducting qubits with only shared and always-on microwave drives. In our strategy, qubits are by default far detuned from the drive during system idle periods, qubit readout and baseband flux-controlled two-qubit gates can thus be realized with minimal impacts from the always-on drive. By contrast, during working periods, qubits are tuned on resonance with the drive and single-qubit gates can be realized. Therefore, universal qubit control can be achieved with only baseband flux pulses and always-on shared microwave drives. We apply this strategy to the qubit architecture where tunable qubits are coupled via a tunable coupler, and the analysis shows that high-fidelity qubit control is possible. Besides, the baseband control strategy needs fewer physical resources, such as control electronics and cooling power in cryogenic systems, than that of microwave control. Of note, the flexibility of baseband flux control could be employed for addressing the nonuniformity issue of superconducting qubits, potentially allowing the realization of multiplexing and cross-bar technologies and thus controlling large numbers of qubits with fewer control lines. We thus expect that baseband control with shared microwave drives can help build large-scale superconducting quantum processors.
The hybridization of distinct quantum systems is now seen as an effective way to engineer the properties of an entire system leading to applications in quantum metamaterials, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology. Recent improvements in both fabrication techniques and qubit design have allowed the community to consider coupling large ensembles of artificial atoms, such as superconducting qubits, to a resonator. Here, we demonstrate the coherent coupling between a microwave resonator and a macroscopic ensemble composed of several thousand superconducting flux qubits, where we observe a large dispersive frequency shift in the spectrum of 250 MHz. We achieve the large dispersive shift with a collective enhancement of the coupling strength between the resonator and qubits. These results represent the largest number of coupled superconducting qubits realized so far.
Superconducting flux qubits are promising candidates for the physical realization of a scalable quantum processor. Indeed, these circuits may have both a small decoherence rate and a large anharmonicity. These properties enable the application of fast quantum gates with high fidelity and reduce scaling limitations due to frequency crowding. The major difficulty of flux qubits' design consists of controlling precisely their transition energy - the so-called qubit gap - while keeping long and reproducible relaxation times. Solving this problem is challenging and requires extremely good control of e-beam lithography, oxidation parameters of the junctions and sample surface. Here we present measurements of a large batch of flux qubits and demonstrate a high level of reproducibility and control of qubit gaps, relaxation times and pure echo dephasing times. These results open the way for potential applications in the fields of quantum hybrid circuits and quantum computation.
To do large-scale quantum information processing, it is necessary to control the interactions between individual qubits while retaining quantum coherence. To this end, superconducting circuits allow for a high degree of flexibility. We report on the time-domain tunable coupling of optimally biased superconducting flux qubits. By modulating the nonlinear inductance of an additional coupling element, we parametrically induced a two-qubit transition that was otherwise forbidden. We observed an on/off coupling ratio of 19 and were able to demonstrate a simple quantum protocol.
This thesis focuses on two problems in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We first investigate theoretically the coupling of a resonator to a continuous distribution of inhomogeneously broadened emitters. Studying this formalism is strongly motivated by recent proposals to use collections of emitters as quantum memories for individual excitations. Such systems benefit from the collective enhancement of the interaction strength, while keeping the relaxation properties of a single emitter. We discuss the influence of the emitters inhomogeneous broadening on the existence and on the coherence properties of the polaritonic peaks. We find that their coherence depends crucially on the shape of the distribution and not only on its width. Taking into account the inhomogeneous broadening allows to simulate with a great accuracy a number of pioneer experimental results on a ensemble of NV centers. The modeling is shown to be a powerful tool to obtain the properties of the spin ensembles coupled to a resonator. We also suggest an original Josephson qubit readout method based on a dc-SQUID with high loop inductance. This system supports a diamond-shape artificial atom where we define logical and ancilla qubits coupled through a cross-Kerr like term. Depending on the logical qubit state, the ancilla is resonantly or dispersively coupled to the resonator, leading to a large contrast in the transmitted microwave signal amplitude. Simulations show that this original method can be faster and have higher fidelity than methods currently used in circuit QED.
Flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits), one kind of superconducting tunnel junction circuits, are recently demonstrated as a promising candidate to realize quantum computations.In order to do large-scale quantum information processing, it is necessary to switch on and off the couplings between individual flux qubits in the time-domain while those qubits retain coherence.This report contains two parts: one is to describe my understanding of models, fabrications and measurements for one single flux qubit; the other is to compare two proposed schemes and the corresponding experimental realizations of coherent tunable couplings between flux qubits.